AboutKidsHealth for Teens

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Information about cannabis for recreational useInformation about cannabis for recreational useInformation about cannabis for recreational useIEnglishAdolescentTeen (13-18 years)NANAHealthy living and preventionTeen (13-18 years)NA2022-05-25T04:00:00Z11.400000000000042.9000000000000974.000000000000Flat ContentHealth A-Z<p>Learn about cannabis and find out about the short- and long-term effects of using it recreationally.</p><h2>What is cannabis?</h2><p>Cannabis (also known as marijuana, weed and pot) refers to a group of plants that are grown around the world, including Canada. The cannabis plant contains many chemical substances, including over 100 "cannabinoids".</p><h2>What is a cannabinoid?</h2><p>Cannabinoids affect cells in the brain and the body. They can change how those cells behave and communicate with each other.</p><h2>What are examples of cannabinoids?</h2><ul><li>THC (delta-9-tetrahydrocannabinol) is a cannabinoid you may hear about the most. It is a "psychoactive" component, meaning that it is responsible for the way your brain and body respond to cannabis, including the "high" or intoxicating effect.</li><li>CBD (cannabidiol) is also a cannabinoid. While it is also psychoactive, it does not produce a high or intoxication and is often used for medicinal purposes.</li></ul><p>Each cannabinoid works on different cannabinoid receptors located in the brain or other parts of the body. Different formulations of cannabis contain varying amounts of THC and CBD, so the effects of cannabis on your body will depend on this, as well as how the cannabis is used (e.g., smoked, ingested, applied to the skin).</p><h2>Key points</h2><ul><li>Cannabis refers to a group of plants that contain chemical substances, including cannabinoids such as THC and CBD.</li><li>Cannabis can be consumed by smoking or vaping, eating cannabis products such as baked goods and candies, or applying it to the skin in the form of lotions or ointments.</li><li>You must be 19 and older to legally buy, use, possess and grow recreational cannabis in Ontario.</li><li>Short-term effects of cannabis use can include feeling relaxed, being sociable, increased heart rate, difficulty concentrating, delayed reaction time, feeling anxious or panicky, and distorted thoughts and/or paranoia.</li><li>Long-term effects of cannabis use can include: long-term impaired working memory, emotional dysregulation, poor attention and impulse control; increased risk of changes in thoughts, feelings and behaviours; cannabis hyperemesis (severe and repeated bouts of vomiting); and cannabis dependence.</li></ul><h2>How is cannabis consumed?</h2><p>Cannabis can be consumed through smoking or vaping the flower of the plant, or plant-based products. The active compounds can be extracted into edible forms (baked goods, candies, oils and beverages) and eaten. They are available both commercially and homemade. Cannabinoids can also be absorbed through the skin from topical cannabis products in the form of lotions or ointments.</p><h2>What is cannabis used for?</h2><h3>Recreation</h3><p>People often use cannabis to experience feelings of relaxation and contentment. <strong>You must be 19 and older to legally buy, use, possess and grow recreational cannabis in Ontario.</strong></p><p>Although recreational cannabis use under the age of 19 is illegal in Canada, cannabis is one of the most frequently used substances by teens. Most teens who have tried cannabis first used it at 14 years of age; and one in five cannabis users (aged 16-19 years) report daily use. Daily use can result in cannabis dependence and greatly increases the risk of longer-term effects on the brain and other areas of health and well-being.</p><h3>Medicine</h3><p>Cannabis has been used for a variety of purposes including appetite stimulation in serious illness, pain relief and anti-seizure therapy for people with rare forms of epilepsy. <strong>There are no age restrictions for the use of medical cannabis in Canada.</strong></p><h2>What is known about the effects of recreational cannabis in teens?</h2><h3>Short-term effects and risks</h3><p>In the short-term, cannabis can cause you to:</p><ul><li>feel more relaxed</li><li>be more sociable</li><li>have an increased heart rate</li><li>have difficulty concentrating, which can impact your learning, problem-solving, and school performance</li><li>have a delayed reaction time in response to changes in your environment (e.g., when you are driving)</li><li>feel anxious or panicky</li><li>experience distorted thoughts and perceptions and/or paranoia</li></ul><p>Depending on your age, weight and how you consume it, cannabis can also affect your balance.</p><h3>Longer-term effects and risks</h3><p>Regular and frequent cannabis use is associated with the risk of a number of long-term effects on your physical and mental health.</p><p>The long-term brain and mental health effects of cannabis use can impact teens in particular because the frontal lobes of their brains are still developing well into their twenties. This region of the brain is responsible for your working memory, emotional regulation, attention and impulse control, and is especially vulnerable to the effects of cannabis (and other drugs, including alcohol).</p><p>Regular <a href="https://teens.aboutkidshealth.ca/Article?contentid=3841&language=English">substance use</a>, including cannabis use, in teens is linked with an increased risk of changes in thoughts, feelings and behaviours. Cannabis use can worsen any existing <a href="https://teens.aboutkidshealth.ca/Article?contentid=3983&language=English">depressive</a> and <a href="https://teens.aboutkidshealth.ca/Article?contentid=3810&language=English">anxiety disorders</a> you may have and has been associated with the development of schizophrenia and psychosis. This risk is higher in people with a family history of the disorder.</p><p>Teens (and adults) who use cannabis regularly can also develop cannabis hyperemesis, a syndrome where you have persistent nausea and vomiting that is only relieved by reducing/stopping your cannabis use. Taking hot showers can relieve the symptoms but will not prevent vomiting from recurring.</p><p>In addition, one in six teens who use cannabis frequently will develop cannabis dependence. Cannabis dependence includes needing to use more cannabis over time to have the same effect, and/or having difficulty sleeping, and being irritable when using less or stopping the use of cannabis.</p><h3>Using cannabis while driving</h3><p>Driving while high on cannabis is against the law in Canada. Cannabis can impair your driving by slowing your reaction time and affecting your ability to concentrate. Because it comes in different potencies and affects each person differently, it is not known how long you should wait to drive after consuming cannabis. It is important to recognize the dangers of driving under the influence of any substance and consider your options for getting home safely.</p><p> <a href="https://www.canada.ca/en/health-canada/services/canadian-student-tobacco-alcohol-drugs-survey/2018-2019-summary.html">Summary of results for the Canadian Student Tobacco, Alcohol and Drugs Survey (CSTADS) 2018-19</a></p><p> <a href="https://www.canada.ca/en/health-canada/services/drugs-medication/cannabis/research-data/canadian-cannabis-survey-2021-summary.html">Canadian Cannabis Survey 2021: Summary</a></p>https://assets.aboutkidshealth.ca/AKHAssets/Info_about_cannabis_rec_use.jpgCannabis for recreational useTeens
Trauma: Treatment and coping methodsTrauma: Treatment and coping methodsTrauma: Treatment and coping methodsTEnglishPsychiatryTeen (13-18 years)NANANon-drug treatmentTeen (13-18 years)NA2019-03-22T04:00:00Z11.700000000000040.4000000000000413.000000000000Flat ContentHealth A-Z<p>Learn about the different treatment options for coping with trauma including psychotherapy, medication and coping mechanisms.</p><h2>What treatments are available?</h2><p>Different treatment options are available to help you better understand and cope after a <a href="/Article?contentid=3781&language=English">traumatic experience</a>. Sometimes, it takes trying a few options before you find the one that is the best fit for you. </p><h2>Psychotherapy</h2><p>Trauma-focused psychotherapy is often helpful after a traumatic event, even if you have not been diagnosed with PTSD or another condition. This type of psychotherapy can help you to identify, understand and process the feelings, thoughts and physical sensations that come up after a trauma. </p><p>Psychotherapy can take place one-on-one with a therapist such as a psychologist or social worker who is trained in trauma-focused psychotherapy. Sometimes you can attend a trauma-focused group to learn new skills and strategies for coping with your reactions. </p><p>If the trauma you experienced involved other family members, it can be helpful to attend therapy together. However, this may not be a good option if someone in your family caused the trauma, as in the case of abuse or neglect.</p><p>Helpful forms of psychotherapy after a traumatic event include:</p><ul><li>relaxation training</li><li>Trauma-Focused Cognitive Behavioural Therapy (TF-CBT)</li><li>Integrative Treatment of Complex Trauma for Adolescents (ITCT-A)</li><li>Eye Movement Desensitization and Reprocessing (EMDR)</li><li>Child and Family Traumatic Stress Intervention (CFTSI)</li></ul><h2>Medication</h2><p>Medications, on their own, are not usually recommended for treating exposure to trauma. </p><p>If you are diagnosed with a psychiatric condition such as PTSD or major depressive disorder after a trauma, you could discuss possible medications with a psychiatrist or paediatrician. </p><p>Medications tend to be most effective when they are combined with psychotherapy and behaviour changes.</p><h2>How can I help myself if I am dealing with the effects of trauma?</h2><h3>Things you can do when you are feeling distressed</h3><ul><li>Relaxation exercises</li><li>Paced breathing </li><li>Progressive muscle relaxation<br></li><li>Guided imagery</li><li>Grounding exercises – to help you focus on something in the present to give you relief from feeling like the trauma is happening again</li><li>Examining your thoughts – to help you move from extreme thoughts or catastrophizing to more balanced thinking </li><li>Talking to a trusted adult about your thoughts and feelings<br></li></ul><div class="call-out"><div class="asset-video vid-small"> <iframe src="https://www.youtube.com/embed/3cevA6EjCbE?rel=0" frameborder="0"></iframe> <br></div><p> <strong>How to use:</strong> This audio meditation helps you connect to the present moment using your sense of sight, sound, touch, taste and smell. Use this meditation when you want to ground yourself in the here and now or if you are having unwanted thoughts, feeling physical discomfort or uncomfortable emotions. Follow along with the meditation, bringing your awareness to each of your five senses in the moment.</p></div><h3>Things you can do every day to help your healing</h3><ul><li> <a href="/Article?contentid=3783&language=English">Physical activity</a> – to reduce anxiety and boost your mood</li><li>Self-care – having a bath, eating a balanced meal or doing something kind for yourself to take care of your basic needs </li><li>Social activities with friends and people you trust – to help prevent feelings of loneliness and isolation</li><li>Daily mindfulness exercises </li><li>Getting <a href="/Article?contentid=3632&language=English">enough sleep</a> and maintaining a <a href="/Article?contentid=3633&language=English">regular sleep schedule</a></li><li>Maintaining <a href="/Article?contentid=3774&language=English">regular, healthy eating habits</a> </li></ul><div class="call-out"><div class="asset-video vid-small"> <iframe src="https://www.youtube.com/embed/gqMu6kFfQcE?rel=0" frameborder="0"></iframe> <br></div><p> <strong>How to use:</strong> This audio meditation helps you connect to your breath. Use it to steady yourself when you are feeling overwhelmed or have any unwanted thoughts, feelings or sensations. Follow along with the meditation, paying attention to the rhythm of your in-breath and out-breath.<br></p></div><h2>When will I start to feel better?</h2><p>If you are struggling with negative reactions after a trauma, you will likely need to attend regular therapy sessions for six months to a year to recover and learn how to develop long-term coping skills. The good news is that seeking help early and sticking with regular treatment will increase your chances of fully recovering from the effects of trauma.</p><h3>Kids Help Phone – <a href="https://kidshelpphone.ca/">kidshelpphone.ca</a></h3><p>Kids Help Phone is a 24/7 e-mental health service offering free, confidential support to young people.</p><p> <a href="https://kidshelpphone.ca/get-info/coping-grief-loss-and-change/">Coping with grief, loss and change</a></p><p> <a href="https://kidshelpphone.ca/get-info/how-can-i-cope-with-my-feelings-about-the-future/">How can I cope with my feelings about the future?</a></p>https://assets.aboutkidshealth.ca/AKHAssets/iStock-1331029398.jpgTeens
What is a menstrual period?What is a menstrual period?What is a menstrual period?WEnglishAdolescentTeen (13-18 years)UterusReproductive systemConditions and diseasesTeen (13-18 years)Abdominal pain;Bleeding;Headache2022-07-19T04:00:00Z9.4000000000000053.60000000000001031.00000000000Flat ContentHealth A-Z<p>Learn more about menstrual periods, what is considered normal, and when you should see your doctor about your periods.</p><h2>What is a menstrual period?</h2><p>A menstrual period is experienced by people with female reproductive body parts. It is the bleeding that occurs approximately once a month during the <a href="https://teens.aboutkidshealth.ca/Article?contentid=4051&language=English">menstrual cycle</a> when the lining of the uterus sheds. This bleeding is also called a “menses,” and you might also hear people talk about it using other nicknames and phrases like “Aunt Flo,” the “Time of the Month,” a person’s “Moon Time,” being on/having “Your days”, “Little Red Riding Hood is coming,” or the “Little strawberry.”</p><p>A cycle length is measured from the first day of bleeding (Day 1 of one menstrual period) to the first day of the next menstrual period. There is a wide range of normal cycle lengths. For teenagers, a normal menstrual cycle can be anywhere between 21-45 days. The average menstrual cycle length is approximately 28 days. In the first 1-2 years following your first period, it is very common and normal to have irregular cycles.</p><h2>What is normal menstrual bleeding?</h2><p>Just like menstrual cycle length, normal menstrual bleeding also varies in length.</p><p>Normal menstrual bleeding can last between 3-8 days. The amount of blood lost during this time can also vary. Usually, a normal range is 30-80 mL of blood. Because it is difficult to directly measure the amount of blood you are losing (unless using a menstrual cup), you can determine if you are having a normal period by knowing the number of menstrual products you use during your period.</p><h3>Normal bleeding</h3><ul><li>Soaking through up to 10-15 sanitary pads per cycle</li><ul><li>The pads are filled from side to side</li><li>Soaking through up to 3-6 tampons per day during your period</li></ul></ul><h3>Abnormal/heavy bleeding</h3><ul><li>Soaking through and needing to change your menstrual products every 1-2 hours</li><ul><li>The tampons are soaked through</li><li>The sanitary pads are filled from side to side and front to back</li></ul><li>Bleeding for longer than a week</li><li>Passing blood clots larger than a quarter</li></ul><h2>Key points</h2><ul><li>Menstrual periods are experienced by people with female reproductive body parts.</li><li>A period is the bleeding that occurs approximately once a month during the menstrual cycle when the lining of the uterus sheds.</li><li>Normal menstrual bleeding can last between 3-8 days, with 30-80 mL of blood loss.</li><li>Common symptoms of a period can include abdominal cramping, headaches, breast tenderness, changes in appetite, nausea, mood changes and fatigue.</li><li>There are a variety of menstrual products that you can use to help manage bleeding including sanitary pads, tampons, menstrual cups, and period underwear.</li></ul><h2>Menstrual symptoms</h2><p>There are a wide variety of symptoms that you might experience during your period, and they can range from very mild to significantly uncomfortable. These symptoms can change from cycle to cycle, and over time.</p><p>As well as during your period, it is also common to have symptoms in the week leading up to your period (premenstrual symptoms or PMS). Common symptoms include, but are not limited to:</p><ul><li>Abdominal cramping and discomfort</li><li>Lower back pain</li><li>Headaches</li><li>Muscle aches</li><li>Breast tenderness</li><li>Changes in appetite</li><li>Nausea</li><li>Constipation</li><li>Diarrhea</li><li>Acne</li><li>Mood changes</li><li>Fatigue/low energy</li></ul><p>These symptoms can occur in the week leading up to your period, and for up to 1-4 days after your period starts.</p><h2>Managing your period</h2><p>There are a variety of menstrual products that you can use to help manage menstrual bleeding. You may find that different products work better for you over time, on different days of your period, or depending on your comfort level, availability of products, and personal preference.</p><p>These products include sanitary pads, tampons, menstrual cups, and period underwear.</p><div class="akh-series"><div class="row"><div class="col-md-12"> <figure><img src="https://assets.aboutkidshealth.ca/AKHAssets/Menstruation_pad.jpg?RenditionID=10" alt="" /> </figure> <h3>Sanitary pads</h3><p>Sanitary pads range in thickness and absorption. They also come in disposable (single use) forms, or in reusable forms (which can be washed with detergent and reused). Disposable pads often have an adhesive backing or adhesive flaps, which can be applied to your underwear. Reusable pads usually have Velcro or snap button flaps to stay secure. Both types of pads should be changed every 4-6 hours. Reusable pads can be washed, but you should discard disposable pads after a single use.</p></div></div> <br> <div class="row"><div class="col-md-12"> <figure><img src="https://assets.aboutkidshealth.ca/AKHAssets/Menstruation_tampon.jpg?RenditionID=10" alt="" /> </figure> <h3>Tampons</h3><p>Like pads, tampons come in a variety of sizes and absorbability. Tampons have a string attached to help you remove them, and they can come with or without an applicator. Tampons are made of cotton or rayon and are inserted into the vagina to absorb menstrual blood. They must be changed every 4-6 hours and discarded after a single use. For more information, see <a href="https://teens.aboutkidshealth.ca/Article?contentid=4025&language=English">Using your first tampon</a>.</p></div></div> <br> <div class="row"><div class="col-md-12"> <figure><img src="https://assets.aboutkidshealth.ca/AKHAssets/Menstruation_cup.jpg?RenditionID=10" alt="" /> </figure> <h3>Menstrual cups</h3><p>Menstrual cups come in a variety of sizes and can be disposable or reusable. They are cup-shaped, with a small “stem” to help you remove them. They are inserted into the vagina to collect menstrual blood. Cups should be removed and emptied every 8-12 hours. Disposable cups should be discarded after a single use.</p></div></div> <br> <div class="row"><div class="col-md-12"> <figure><img src="https://assets.aboutkidshealth.ca/AKHAssets/Menstruation_underwear.jpg?RenditionID=10" alt="" /> </figure> <h3>Period underwear</h3><p>Period underwear is underwear designed to absorb menstrual blood without the need for other menstrual products. They are best for times of light bleeding and can be used in combination with other menstrual products during heavier flow. Period underwear looks and feels like regular underwear and is reusable with regular washing. It can be worn all day for up to 24 hours, depending on your flow.</p></div></div><h2>When to see a doctor</h2><p>It is recommended you talk to your doctor if:</p><ul><li>Your menstrual period started early (before the age of nine).</li><li>Your menstrual period has not started by the age of 15, or it has not started and it has been over two years since you started puberty (since your breasts started developing).</li><li>You are experiencing heavy menstrual bleeding (changing menstrual products every 1-2 hours because they are completely soaked through).</li><li>You are consistently bleeding for more than seven days.</li><li>You are noticing significant symptoms (e.g., pain) around the time of your menstrual period that are impacting your ability to participate in school or other daily activities, or symptoms that occur throughout your cycle.</li><li>Your menstrual period has stopped.</li></ul></div><p>LetsTalkPeriod. <em>Queen’s University</em>. Retrieved from https://letstalkperiod.ca/video-resources/.</p>https://assets.aboutkidshealth.ca/AKHAssets/What%20is%20menstrual%20period.jpgTeens
What teens need to know about bullyingWhat teens need to know about bullyingWhat teens need to know about bullyingWEnglishDevelopmental;AdolescentTeen (13-18 years)NANAHealthy living and preventionTeen (13-18 years)NA2022-05-16T04:00:00Z6.8000000000000072.2000000000000526.000000000000Flat ContentHealth A-Z<p>Find out what the different types of bullying look like and what to do if you’re being bullied or if someone you know is being bullied.</p><h2>What does bullying look like?</h2><p>Bullying can take many different forms. It includes:</p><ul><li>Punching, shoving and other acts that hurt people physically</li><li>Spreading rumours about people</li><li>Keeping certain people out of a group</li><li>Teasing people in a mean way</li><li>Getting other people to bully someone else</li><li>Sending harassing or threatening messages online or by text message (cyberbullying)</li><li>Threatening to do any of the above things</li></ul><h2>Key points</h2><ul><li>Bullying can take many different forms including hurting people physically, gossiping, teasing, and cyberbullying.</li><li>Dealing with a bully can be difficult but there are options you can try such as acting brave, ignoring them, standing up for yourself without being aggressive, and hanging out with friends who support you.</li><li>If you have been threatened or assaulted, call the police.</li><li>Never start or repeat rumours, or share messages or posts that could harm someone.</li></ul><h2>What can I do if I’m being bullied? </h2><p>You have the right to feel safe at school, at home, and in your community. There is no simple solution for dealing with a bully, but the following ideas can help:</p><ul><li>Act brave, even if you don’t feel it. Bullies want to get a reaction out of you. Just ignore them or smile at them if they’re harassing you. </li><li>Stand up for yourself without being aggressive. Fighting back or being mean back to the bully is not a solution and could end up getting you hurt or into trouble. </li><li>Hang out with friends who support you. If your friends are the ones who are bullying you, they aren’t really your friends, and you should find a group of friends who support you and protect you from bullies.</li><li>Talk to an adult you trust (parent, teacher, coach, guidance counsellor). They may be able to give you advice on how to deal with a bully, or they may be able to step in to help protect you. Call the police if you have been assaulted or threatened. If someone has physically assaulted you or has threatened to hurt you, that’s a crime and you should call the police to intervene.</li></ul><p>Take care of your mental health. If you are experiencing stress, anxiety, depression or other mental health issues, talk to a trusted adult or health-care provider. You can also take a look at these mental health resources to find ways to help you cope: <a href="https://teens.aboutkidshealth.ca/mentalhealth">www.teens.aboutkidshealth.ca/mentalhealth</a></p><h2>What can I do if someone else is being bullied?</h2><ul><li>If a friend or classmate is being bullied, stand up for them. It can help the person being bullied to know that they aren’t alone. </li><li>Never forward text messages, emails, direct messages or photos that could harm someone else.</li><li>Don’t repeat rumours about someone else, especially if they could damage that person’s reputation.</li><li>Find an adult trust who can stop the bullying. If you don’t want anyone to know it was you who reported the bullying, try leaving an anonymous letter with a teacher or guidance counsellor. </li></ul><p>For more information on bullying, visit <a href="https://www.prevnet.ca/bullying">www.prevnet.ca/bullying</a></p>https://assets.aboutkidshealth.ca/AKHAssets/Bullying_teen.jpgTeens
What to expect during a pelvic examWhat to expect during a pelvic examWhat to expect during a pelvic examWEnglishAdolescent;DevelopmentalTeen (13-18 years)Pelvis;BodyReproductive systemHealthy living and preventionTeen (13-18 years)NA2021-10-19T04:00:00Z9.6000000000000057.4000000000000719.000000000000Flat ContentHealth A-Z<p>To make sure that your reproductive organs are healthy, you should have a pelvic exam every 3 years, starting at age 25, or sooner if you are sexually active or have specific concerns. Find out what you can expect during your first pelvic exam.</p><h2>What is a pelvic exam?</h2><p>A pelvic exam (or internal exam) is a test done by a health-care provider to examine your vulva, vagina and cervix for any abnormalities. Sometimes it also involves taking a sample from the vagina or cervix to test for sexually transmitted infections (STIs) or for changes that can lead to cervical cancer.</p><h2>Key points</h2><ul><li>A pelvic exam is a test done to examine the vulva, vagina and cervix for abnormalities and to test for STIs and changes that can cause cervical cancer.</li><li>A pelvic exam should be done once you turn 25 and then every 3 years after that if you are sexually active; however, you may have a pelvic exam before you turn 25 if you are sexually active or if you have any specific concerns.</li><li>A pelvic exam includes external and internal visual exams to check for any abnormalities. In some cases, you may also need a physical exam to check the size, shape and position of your internal reproductive organs.</li></ul><h2>Why do I need a pelvic exam?</h2><p>There are several reasons you may need a pelvic exam. Pelvic exams are done to:</p><ul><li>Check that your internal reproductive organs are healthy and inspect your vulva and vagina for any abnormalities</li><li>Test for STIs – this is suggested every year and every new partner</li><li>Take a Pap test to check for early signs of cervical cancer – Paps should start at age 25 and only if you are sexually active</li><li>Diagnose a medical condition if you’re experiencing pelvic pain, or unusual bleeding or discharge</li></ul><p>You should have a pelvic exam once you turn 25, and then every 3 years after that if you are sexually active. You may have a pelvic exam before you turn 25 if you are sexually active or if you have any specific concerns. </p><h2>What happens during a pelvic exam?</h2><p>First, your health-care provider will ask you questions about your health and sexual activity.</p><p>A pelvic exam only takes a few minutes. It’s normal to feel nervous or shy, especially before your first pelvic exam. Remember, if you feel unsafe or uncomfortable, tell your health-care provider to stop. You may also choose to wait to do a pelvic exam at a future visit if you are feeling nervous or uncomfortable.</p><p>You will be asked to undress from the waist down and will be given a sheet to place over your lap for privacy. Then, you will lie down on your back on an exam table, with your knees bent and your feet placed in footrests. You will need to slide your body toward the end of the table and have your knees fall open to the sides.</p><p>This may feel uncomfortable, especially the first time. It’s important to listen to your provider’s instructions on how to position yourself in order to make the exam more comfortable. Don’t be afraid to ask your health-care provider about any questions or concerns you have!</p><h3>External visual exam</h3><p>The health-care provider will look at your vulva and surrounding area to check for redness, irritation, sores and any other abnormalities.</p><h3>Internal visual exam</h3><p>The health-care provider will then gently insert a metal or plastic tool called a speculum into your vagina. This is done to open the vaginal walls so they can see your vagina and cervix. </p><h3>Pap test and STI testing</h3><p>If your physical exam includes a Pap test (Pap smear), the health-care provider will swab your cervix with a small broom to collect cells. These cells are then tested for signs of cervical cancer. Swabs of the vagina or cervix may also be performed to test for STIs such as gonorrhea and chlamydia. </p> <a href="https://assets.aboutkidshealth.ca/AKHAssets/Pelvic_exam.jpg" target="_blank"> <figure class="asset-small"> <img alt="Click to see pelvic exam image" src="https://assets.aboutkidshealth.ca/AKHAssets/Pelvic%20exam%20click.jpg" /> </figure> </a> <h3>Bimanual or physical exam</h3><p>Your health-care provider may need to do a bimanual exam to check the size, shape and position of your internal reproductive organs including the ovaries, fallopian tubes and uterus. They will insert two gloved fingers into your vagina and press on the outside of your lower abdomen (belly) with the other hand. They will check for any tenderness or abnormal growths. To see an illustration of what this exam looks like, click the image on the right.</p>https://assets.aboutkidshealth.ca/AKHAssets/iStock-863348696.jpg You may need a pelvic exam if you are sexually active or have specific concerns. Find out what you can expect during your first pelvic exam.Teens
Gender and identityGender and identityGender and identityGEnglishAdolescentTeen (13-18 years);Pre-teen (9-12 years)NANASupport, services and resourcesPre-teen (9-12 years) Teen (13-18 years)NALanding PageLearning Hub<p>Resources to answer questions you may have on sex, gender and sexual orientation as well as how to find support and resources when you need them. </p><p>Resources to answer questions you may have on sex, gender and sexual orientation as well as how to find support and resources when you need them. </p><div class="panel panel-primary"><div class="panel-heading clickable"> <span class="pull-right panel-heading-collapsable-icon"><i class="mdi mdi-chevron-down"></i></span> <h2 class="panel-title">Gender and identity</h2></div><div class="panel-body list-group" style="display:none;"><p> Read about sex, gender and sexual orientation to better understand the complete story of who you are on the inside and how you want to present to the world.</p></div><ol class="list-group" style="display:none;"><li class="list-group-item"> <a class="overview-links" href="/Article?contentid=3953&language=English">Gender identity and sexual orientation: An Overview</a></li><li class="list-group-item"> <a class="overview-links" href="/Article?contentid=3961&language=English">Questioning your gender and identifying as transgender</a></li><li class="list-group-item"> <a class="overview-links" href="/Article?contentid=3962&language=English">Transitioning</a></li><li class="list-group-item"> <a class="overview-links" href="/Article?contentid=3963&language=English">Using gender-inclusive language</a></li><li class="list-group-item"> <a class="overview-links" href="/Article?contentid=3964&language=English">Gender and identity: Support and resources</a></li><li class="list-group-item"> <a class="overview-links" href="/Article?contentid=3976&language=English">Sharing personal information, coming out and being outed</a></li><li class="list-group-item"> <a class="overview-links" href="/Article?contentid=3977&language=English">The right to safe spaces</a></li><li class="list-group-item"> <a class="overview-links" href="/Article?contentid=3978&language=English">Finding a primary health-care provider</a></li></ol></div>https://assets.aboutkidshealth.ca/AKHAssets/gender%20transitioning_ContentID3962.jpggender Find answers to the questions you may have on sex, gender and sexual orientation as well as how to find support and resources when you need them. Teens
Talking to your friends about cancerTalking to your friends about cancerTalking to your friends about cancerTEnglishOncologyPre-teen (9-12 years);Teen (13-15 years);Late Teen (16-18 years)NANANAPre-teen (9-12 years) Teen (13-15 years) Late Teen (16-18 years)NA2019-09-03T04:00:00Z6.3000000000000079.3000000000000755.000000000000Flat ContentHealth A-Z<p>It's up to you who you talk to about your cancer and what details you choose to share. Find out tips to help you talk to your friends about cancer and what you can say if they have questions.</p><p>Some people tell everyone they know that they have cancer. Other people tell only their closest friends. Of course it is up to you who you talk to about your cancer and what you choose to share.</p><h2>Key points</h2><ul><li>There is no right way to tell anyone you have cancer, and you don't need to tell anyone you don't want to or share any details you are not comfortable sharing.</li><li>Staying connected with friends throughout your treatment journey can help you feel supported and less alone.</li></ul><h2>How should I talk to my friends about my cancer?</h2><p>You might worry how your friends are going to react or that you’ll get emotional when you talk about cancer. These worries are normal. Cancer is not an easy thing to talk about with your friends. You might find it easier to write your friends a letter or email, tell them on the phone, or tell one close friend who can help you tell other friends. There is no “best” way to tell people you have cancer. You can only do what feels best for you. Your health-care team can help you find ways to talk to friends about your cancer and your treatment.</p><p>For more information on talking to your friends about cancer, check out these tips from <a target="_blank" href="https://www.canteen.org.au/youth-cancer/treatment/relationships/friends/"> CanTeen</a>, an Australian organization for teens living with cancer. </p><h2>How will my friends respond?</h2><p>When you talk to your friends about your cancer, they may not react the way you hoped or thought they would. Their reaction may make you feel angry or disappointed, or make you feel like they don’t understand what you are going through. Often peoples’ first reaction to new or unexpected information is not how they would normally react to other news. They may need time to process this information, just as you first did.</p><p>On the other hand, their reaction might be surprisingly good! You might be surprised by how much they understand and how much better you feel knowing you still have their friendship. It may seem unfair on top of everything else you’re dealing with right now, but you will likely need to help your friends understand your cancer and how cancer and treatment are affecting you. Remember that before you had cancer, you didn’t understand it either. </p><h2>What can I say to my friends?</h2><p>Even though it might take some extra effort at first, it will be worth it to stay close to your friends through the challenges cancer brings. Try some of these tips to help your friends understand what you’re going through and to help them be the friends you need them to be.</p><ul><li>Tell your friends a few facts about your cancer and your treatment to help them understand what you are going through.</li><li>Let your friends know that you’re still the same person you always were and would like to be treated that way.</li><li>Give your friends ideas of what they can do to support you. Remember, they are probably confused and may not know how to help you. </li><li>When you feel ready to answer friends’ questions, let them know. You can say something like, “I can tell you about my cancer if you want…” And when you don’t feel like talking about cancer, let them know that too.</li><li>Stay in contact with your friends though texts, phone calls, emails, tweets, or any way you feel comfortable. You may need to be the one to contact your friends, since they might be afraid to bother you, especially if you’re in the hospital.</li><li>If you find it difficult to explain cancer and treatment to your friends, give them a link to a website that will help them understand what cancer is and how to support you through it.</li></ul><h2>Friendships are important</h2><p>Your friendships may change throughout your treatment journey. Some friends will be amazing and supportive, and others may become more distant. You might also make new friends with other teens who are going through similar experiences. At this difficult time in your life, try to stay connected to those people who offer you support and help you feel good. Cancer is too much for one person to deal with alone. Remember that the more you can be open with your friends, the more chances they have to understand what you are going through, and to be supportive and accepting.</p><p>Check out any teen support groups or resources that your hospital provides. These can help you make friends with people who understand what you’re going through.</p><p>Here are some links that you could share with your friends to help them understand:</p><ul><li> <a href="https://www.canteen.org.au/young-people/my-friend-is-affected-by-cancer/">CanTeen: My friend is affected by cancer</a><br></li><li> <a href="https://www.cancer.net/navigating-cancer-care/young-adults-and-teenagers/cancer-and-relationships/cancer-and-friendships">Cancer.Net: Cancer and Friendships</a></li></ul>https://assets.aboutkidshealth.ca/AKHAssets/Talking_to_your_friends_about_cancer.jpg It's up to you who you talk to about your cancer and what details you choose to share. Find tips to help you talk to your friends. Teens

 

 

CancerCancerCancerCEnglishOncologyTeen (13-18 years)NANANATeen (13-18 years)NA2019-09-03T04:00:00ZLanding PageLearning Hub<p>This learning hub will help you prepare for what to expect during cancer diagnosis and treatment. You will also learn about some of the challenges you might face during treatment, and what you can expect when treatment is complete.</p><p>This learning hub will help you prepare for what to expect during cancer diagnosis and treatment. You will also learn about some of the challenges you might face during treatment, and what you can expect when treatment is complete.</p><div class="panel panel-primary"><div class="panel-heading clickable"> <span class="pull-right panel-heading-collapsable-icon"> <i class="mdi mdi-chevron-down"></i></span> <h2 class="panel-title">About cancer</h2></div><div class="panel-body list-group" style="display:none;"><p>Have you ever asked yourself why you have cancer or how cancer works? It's important to remember that cancer is not your fault and happens entirely by chance. In this section you will learn about different types of cancer, what causes cancer in young people, and the differences between healthy cells and cancer cells.</p></div><ol class="list-group" style="display:none;"><li class="list-group-item"> <a class="overview-links" href="/Article?contentid=3414&language=English">What is cancer?</a></li><li class="list-group-item"> <a class="overview-links" href="/Article?contentid=3415&language=English">What causes cancer?</a></li><li><div class="panel-heading clickable"> <span class="pull-right panel-heading-collapsable-icon"> <i class="mdi mdi-chevron-down"></i></span> <h3>Types of cancer in young people</h3></div><ol class="list-group" style="display:none;"><li class="list-group-item"> <a class="overview-links" href="/Article?contentid=3416&language=English">Types of cancer in young people</a></li><li class="list-group-item"> <a class="overview-links" href="/Article?contentid=3417&language=English">Brain tumours</a></li><li class="list-group-item"> <a class="overview-links" href="/Article?contentid=3419&language=English">Gliomas</a></li><li class="list-group-item"> <a class="overview-links" href="/Article?contentid=3418&language=English">Astrocytomas</a></li><li class="list-group-item"> <a class="overview-links" href="/Article?contentid=3420&language=English">Leukemia</a></li><li class="list-group-item"> <a class="overview-links" href="/Article?contentid=3421&language=English">Acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL)</a></li><li class="list-group-item"> <a class="overview-links" href="/Article?contentid=3422&language=English">Acute myeloid leukemia (AML)</a></li><li class="list-group-item"> <a class="overview-links" href="/Article?contentid=3423&language=English">Lymphoma</a></li><li class="list-group-item"> <a class="overview-links" href="/Article?contentid=3424&language=English">Hodgkin lymphoma</a></li><li class="list-group-item"> <a class="overview-links" href="/Article?contentid=3425&language=English">Non-Hodgkin lymphoma</a></li><li class="list-group-item"> <a class="overview-links" href="/Article?contentid=3426&language=English">Bone cancer</a></li><li class="list-group-item"> <a class="overview-links" href="/Article?contentid=3427&language=English">Soft-tissue tumours</a></li><li class="list-group-item"> <a class="overview-links" href="/Article?contentid=3428&language=English">Malignant melanoma</a></li><li class="list-group-item"> <a class="overview-links" href="/Article?contentid=3429&language=English">Germ cell tumours</a></li><li class="list-group-item"> <a class="overview-links" href="/Article?contentid=3430&language=English">Thyroid cancer</a></li><li class="list-group-item"> <a class="overview-links" href="/Article?contentid=3431&language=English">Other types of cancer</a></li></ol></li><li class="list-group-item"> <a class="overview-links" href="/Article?contentid=3432&language=English">How will my cancer affect me now?</a></li></ol></div><div class="panel panel-primary"><div class="panel-heading clickable"> <span class="pull-right panel-heading-collapsable-icon"> <i class="mdi mdi-chevron-down"></i></span> <h2 class="panel-title">Diagnosing cancer</h2></div><div class="panel-body list-group" style="display:none;">Cancer diagnosis can be a long process. Learn more about the process doctors use to diagnose cancer, the different tests you might have during diagnosis and treatment, and ways to help you cope whne you find out you have cancer. <p></p></div><ol class="list-group" style="display:none;"><li class="list-group-item"> <a class="overview-links" href="/Article?contentid=3436&language=English">Diagnosing cancer</a></li><li><div class="panel-heading clickable"> <span class="pull-right panel-heading-collapsable-icon"> <i class="mdi mdi-chevron-down"></i></span> <h3>Diagnostic tests</h3></div><ol class="list-group" style="display:none;"><li class="list-group-item"> <a class="overview-links" href="/Article?contentid=3437&language=English">Diagnostic tests</a></li><li class="list-group-item"> <a class="overview-links" href="/Article?contentid=3809&language=English">Cancer tests and anaesthetic</a></li><li class="list-group-item"> <a class="overview-links" href="/Article?contentid=3438&language=English">Blood tests</a></li><li class="list-group-item"> <a class="overview-links" href="/Article?contentid=3442&language=English">Scans</a></li><li class="list-group-item"> <a class="overview-links" href="/Article?contentid=3443&language=English">X-rays</a></li><li class="list-group-item"> <a class="overview-links" href="/Article?contentid=3444&language=English">CT scans</a></li><li class="list-group-item"> <a class="overview-links" href="/Article?contentid=3445&language=English">Ultrasound</a></li><li class="list-group-item"> <a class="overview-links" href="/Article?contentid=3446&language=English">MRIs</a></li><li class="list-group-item"> <a class="overview-links" href="/Article?contentid=3447&language=English">PET scans</a></li><li class="list-group-item"> <a class="overview-links" href="/Article?contentid=3448&language=English">Bone scans</a></li><li class="list-group-item"> <a class="overview-links" href="/Article?contentid=3440&language=English">Biopsies</a></li><li class="list-group-item"> <a class="overview-links" href="/Article?contentid=3441&language=English">Bone marrow tests</a></li><li class="list-group-item"> <a class="overview-links" href="/Article?contentid=3439&language=English">Lumbar punctures</a></li></ol></li><li class="list-group-item"> <a class="overview-links" href="/Article?contentid=3449&language=English">Coping with a cancer diagnosis</a></li><li><div class="panel-heading clickable"> <span class="pull-right panel-heading-collapsable-icon"> <i class="mdi mdi-chevron-down"></i></span> <h3>Tests during cancer treatment</h3></div><ol class="list-group" style="display:none;"><li class="list-group-item"> <a class="overview-links" href="/Article?contentid=3450&language=English">Tests during cancer treatment</a></li><li class="list-group-item"> <a class="overview-links" href="/Article?contentid=3451&language=English">Kidneys: Glomerular filtration rate (GFR) test</a></li><li class="list-group-item"> <a class="overview-links" href="/Article?contentid=3452&language=English">Heart tests and cancer treatment</a></li><li class="list-group-item"> <a class="overview-links" href="/Article?contentid=3453&language=English">Lung tests and cancer treatment</a></li><li class="list-group-item"> <a class="overview-links" href="/Article?contentid=3454&language=English">Hearing tests and cancer treatment</a></li><li class="list-group-item"> <a class="overview-links" href="/Article?contentid=3455&language=English">Dental check up and cancer treatment</a></li></ol></li></ol></div><div class="panel panel-primary"><div class="panel-heading clickable"> <span class="pull-right panel-heading-collapsable-icon"> <i class="mdi mdi-chevron-down"></i></span> <h2 class="panel-title">Cancer medications</h2></div><div class="panel-body list-group" style="display:none;"><p>It is important to know about cancer medications and how they will affect your body and your life. Find out how cancer medications work, how they are taken, what the possible side effects are, and how to cope with going to school and travelling while on chemotherapy.</p></div><ol class="list-group" style="display:none;"><li><div class="panel-heading clickable"> <span class="pull-right panel-heading-collapsable-icon"> <i class="mdi mdi-chevron-down"></i></span> <h3>Chemotherapy</h3></div><ol class="list-group" style="display:none;"><li class="list-group-item"> <a class="overview-links" href="/Article?contentid=3458&language=English">Chemotherapy</a></li><li class="list-group-item"> <a class="overview-links" href="/Article?contentid=3459&language=English">How does chemotherapy work?</a></li><li class="list-group-item"> <a class="overview-links" href="/Article?contentid=3460&language=English">Chemotherapy as an outpatient</a></li><li class="list-group-item"> <a class="overview-links" href="/Article?contentid=4019&language=English">Oral cryotherapy (cold therapy) for the prevention of oral mucositis during short chemotherapy infusions</a></li></ol></li><li class="list-group-item"> <a class="overview-links" href="/Article?contentid=3461&language=English">Receiving cancer medications</a></li><li class="list-group-item"> <a class="overview-links" href="/Article?contentid=3462&language=English">Managing medications at home</a></li><li class="list-group-item"> <a class="overview-links" href="/Article?contentid=3463&language=English">Side effects of cancer medications</a></li><li class="list-group-item"> <a class="overview-links" href="/Article?contentid=3464&language=English">Medication interactions</a></li><li class="list-group-item"> <a class="overview-links" href="/Article?contentid=3465&language=English">School and chemotherapy</a></li><li class="list-group-item"> <a class="overview-links" href="/Article?contentid=3466&language=English">Travel and chemotherapy</a></li><li class="list-group-item"> <a class="overview-links" href="/Article?contentid=3467&language=English">Other issues related to chemotherapy</a></li></ol></div><div class="panel panel-primary"><div class="panel-heading clickable"> <span class="pull-right panel-heading-collapsable-icon"> <i class="mdi mdi-chevron-down"></i></span> <h2 class="panel-title">Cancer treatments and support therapies</h2></div><div class="panel-body list-group" style="display:none;"><p>In addition to chemotherapy and medications, there are many different treatments for cancer. Learn about consent, the different types of treatments and therapies for cancer, and the side effects you may experience with each one.</p></div><ol class="list-group" style="display:none;"><li class="list-group-item"> <a class="overview-links" href="/Article?contentid=3829&language=English">Treatments and support therapies</a></li><li class="list-group-item"> <a class="overview-links" href="/Article?contentid=3470&language=English">Consent</a></li><li><div class="panel-heading clickable"> <span class="pull-right panel-heading-collapsable-icon"> <i class="mdi mdi-chevron-down"></i></span> <h3>Radiation therapy</h3></div><ol class="list-group" style="display:none;"><li class="list-group-item"> <a class="overview-links" href="/Article?contentid=3471&language=English">Radiation therapy</a></li><li class="list-group-item"> <a class="overview-links" href="/Article?contentid=3828&language=English">Special considerations for radiation therapy</a></li><li class="list-group-item"> <a class="overview-links" href="/Article?contentid=3472&language=English">Types of radiation</a></li><li class="list-group-item"> <a class="overview-links" href="/Article?contentid=3473&language=English">Side effects of radiation</a></li><li class="list-group-item"> <a class="overview-links" href="/Article?contentid=3474&language=English">Cognitive side effects of radiation</a></li><li class="list-group-item"> <a class="overview-links" href="/Article?contentid=3475&language=English">Fertility and radiation</a></li><li class="list-group-item"> <a class="overview-links" href="/Article?contentid=3476&language=English">Skin changes and radiation</a></li></ol></li><li><div class="panel-heading clickable"> <span class="pull-right panel-heading-collapsable-icon"> <i class="mdi mdi-chevron-down"></i></span> <h3>Surgery and cancer</h3></div><ol class="list-group" style="display:none;"><li class="list-group-item"> <a class="overview-links" href="/Article?contentid=3477&language=English">Surgery and cancer</a></li><li class="list-group-item"> <a class="overview-links" href="/Article?contentid=3478&language=English">Types of cancer surgery</a></li><li class="list-group-item"> <a class="overview-links" href="/Article?contentid=3479&language=English">Limb sparing, rotationplasty and amputation</a></li><li class="list-group-item"> <a class="overview-links" href="/Article?contentid=3480&language=English">Post-operative symptoms</a></li><li class="list-group-item"> <a class="overview-links" href="/Article?contentid=3481&language=English">Managing pain after surgery</a></li></ol></li><li class="list-group-item"> <a class="overview-links" href="/Article?contentid=3482&language=English">Bone marrow transplant</a></li><li class="list-group-item"> <a class="overview-links" href="/Article?contentid=3483&language=English">Complementary and alternative therapies</a></li></ol></div><div class="panel panel-primary"><div class="panel-heading clickable"> <span class="pull-right panel-heading-collapsable-icon"> <i class="mdi mdi-chevron-down"></i></span> <h2 class="panel-title">The health-care team</h2></div><div class="panel-body list-group" style="display:none;"><p>You will see many different health-care professionals throughout your cancer treatment. This section will help you understand the role each person plays in your health care and how they can help you.</p></div><ol class="list-group" style="display:none;"><li class="list-group-item"> <a class="overview-links" href="/Article?contentid=3485&language=English">The health-care team</a></li><li class="list-group-item"> <a class="overview-links" href="/Article?contentid=3486&language=English">Doctor</a></li><li class="list-group-item"> <a class="overview-links" href="/Article?contentid=3487&language=English">Nurse</a></li><li class="list-group-item"> <a class="overview-links" href="/Article?contentid=3488&language=English">Nurse practitioner</a></li><li class="list-group-item"> <a class="overview-links" href="/Article?contentid=3489&language=English">Pharmacist</a></li><li class="list-group-item"> <a class="overview-links" href="/Article?contentid=3490&language=English">Dietitian</a></li><li class="list-group-item"> <a class="overview-links" href="/Article?contentid=3491&language=English">Social worker</a></li><li class="list-group-item"> <a class="overview-links" href="/Article?contentid=3492&language=English">Child life specialist</a></li><li class="list-group-item"> <a class="overview-links" href="/Article?contentid=3493&language=English">Physiotherapist</a></li><li class="list-group-item"> <a class="overview-links" href="/Article?contentid=3494&language=English">Occupational therapist</a></li><li class="list-group-item"> <a class="overview-links" href="/Article?contentid=3495&language=English">Psychologist</a></li><li class="list-group-item"> <a class="overview-links" href="/Article?contentid=3496&language=English">Psychiatrist</a></li><li class="list-group-item"> <a class="overview-links" href="/Article?contentid=3497&language=English">Speech-language pathologist</a></li><li class="list-group-item"> <a class="overview-links" href="/Article?contentid=3498&language=English">School teacher</a></li><li class="list-group-item"> <a class="overview-links" href="/Article?contentid=3499&language=English">Accessing cancer information online</a></li></ol></div><div class="panel panel-primary"><div class="panel-heading clickable"> <span class="pull-right panel-heading-collapsable-icon"> <i class="mdi mdi-chevron-down"></i></span> <h2 class="panel-title">Communication and cancer</h2></div><div class="panel-body list-group" style="display:none;"><p>Many teens find communication to be a challenge, especially when going through something as big as cancer. Discover how you can become a better communicator, and improve communication with your health-care team, friends, family and others.</p></div><ol class="list-group" style="display:none;"><li class="list-group-item"> <a class="overview-links" href="/Article?contentid=3502&language=English">Communication and cancer</a></li><li class="list-group-item"> <a class="overview-links" href="/Article?contentid=3503&language=English">Becoming a better communicator</a></li><li class="list-group-item"> <a class="overview-links" href="/Article?contentid=3504&language=English">Talking with your health-care team</a></li><li class="list-group-item"> <a class="overview-links" href="/Article?contentid=3505&language=English">Making the most of your clinic visit</a></li><li class="list-group-item"> <a class="overview-links" href="/Article?contentid=3506&language=English">Taking part in decisions</a></li><li class="list-group-item"> <a class="overview-links" href="/Article?contentid=3507&language=English">Talking to your parents about cancer</a></li><li class="list-group-item"> <a class="overview-links" href="/Article?contentid=3508&language=English">Talking to your friends about cancer</a></li><li class="list-group-item"> <a class="overview-links" href="/Article?contentid=3509&language=English">Maintaining relationships during cancer treatment</a></li><li class="list-group-item"> <a class="overview-links" href="/Article?contentid=3510&language=English">Keeping in contact with school</a></li><li class="list-group-item"> <a class="overview-links" href="/Article?contentid=3511&language=English">Talking to your employer</a></li><li class="list-group-item"> <a class="overview-links" href="/Article?contentid=3512&language=English">Communicating online</a></li></ol></div><div class="panel panel-primary"><div class="panel-heading clickable"> <span class="pull-right panel-heading-collapsable-icon"> <i class="mdi mdi-chevron-down"></i></span> <h2 class="panel-title">Managing your symptoms</h2></div><div class="panel-body list-group" style="display:none;"><p>Cancer and its treatments can take a toll on your body and cause a range of symptoms. Learn how to cope with the various symptoms and treatment side effects you may experience.</p></div><ol class="list-group" style="display:none;"><li class="list-group-item"> <a class="overview-links" href="/Article?contentid=3514&language=English">Managing your symptoms</a></li><li class="list-group-item"> <a class="overview-links" href="/Article?contentid=3515&language=English">Cancer-related fatigue</a></li><li class="list-group-item"> <a class="overview-links" href="/Article?contentid=3517&language=English">Nausea and vomiting</a></li><li class="list-group-item"> <a class="overview-links" href="/Article?contentid=3518&language=English">Pain and cancer</a></li><li class="list-group-item"> <a class="overview-links" href="/Article?contentid=3519&language=English">Loss of appetite</a></li><li class="list-group-item"> <a class="overview-links" href="/Article?contentid=3520&language=English">Diarrhea related to cancer treatment</a></li><li class="list-group-item"> <a class="overview-links" href="/Article?contentid=3521&language=English">Sleep problems and cancer</a></li><li class="list-group-item"> <a class="overview-links" href="/Article?contentid=3516&language=English">Managing other cancer-related symptoms</a></li></ol></div><div class="panel panel-primary"><div class="panel-heading clickable"> <span class="pull-right panel-heading-collapsable-icon"> <i class="mdi mdi-chevron-down"></i></span> <h2 class="panel-title">Managing stress and emotions</h2></div><div class="panel-body list-group" style="display:none;"><p>Stress, worry and anxiety are normal emotions that you may experience throughout cancer treatment. Luckily there are ways to manage them. Find out how to manage stress and anxiety and deal with changes to your self-image.</p></div><ol class="list-group" style="display:none;"><li class="list-group-item"> <a class="overview-links" href="/Article?contentid=3537&language=English">Coping with a life-threatening illness</a></li><li class="list-group-item"> <a class="overview-links" href="/Article?contentid=3524&language=English">Cancer and emotions</a></li><li><div class="panel-heading clickable"> <span class="pull-right panel-heading-collapsable-icon"> <i class="mdi mdi-chevron-down"></i></span> <h3>Managing stress and anxiety</h3></div><ol class="list-group" style="display:none;"><li class="list-group-item"> <a class="overview-links" href="/Article?contentid=3525&language=English">Stress and anxiety</a></li><li class="list-group-item"> <a class="overview-links" href="/Article?contentid=3526&language=English">What causes stress and anxiety?</a></li><li class="list-group-item"> <a class="overview-links" href="/Article?contentid=3527&language=English">Recognizing stress and anxiety</a></li><li class="list-group-item"> <a class="overview-links" href="/Article?contentid=3528&language=English">Coping with stress and anxiety</a></li><li class="list-group-item"> <a class="overview-links" href="/Article?contentid=3529&language=English">Stress and thinking</a></li><li class="list-group-item"> <a class="overview-links" href="/Article?contentid=3530&language=English">Changing unhelpful thoughts</a></li></ol></li><li><div class="panel-heading clickable"> <span class="pull-right panel-heading-collapsable-icon"> <i class="mdi mdi-chevron-down"></i></span> <h3>Coping with physical changes</h3></div><ol class="list-group" style="display:none;"><li class="list-group-item"> <a class="overview-links" href="/Article?contentid=3531&language=English">Feeling good about your self</a></li><li class="list-group-item"> <a class="overview-links" href="/Article?contentid=3532&language=English">Self-image</a></li><li class="list-group-item"> <a class="overview-links" href="/Article?contentid=3533&language=English">Hair loss</a></li><li class="list-group-item"> <a class="overview-links" href="/Article?contentid=3534&language=English">Central lines</a></li><li class="list-group-item"> <a class="overview-links" href="/Article?contentid=3535&language=English">Skin problems</a></li><li class="list-group-item"> <a class="overview-links" href="/Article?contentid=3536&language=English">After limb surgery</a></li></ol></li></ol></div><div class="panel panel-primary"><div class="panel-heading clickable"> <span class="pull-right panel-heading-collapsable-icon"> <i class="mdi mdi-chevron-down"></i></span> <h2 class="panel-title">Relaxation and distraction</h2></div><div class="panel-body list-group" style="display:none;"><p>Relaxation and distraction techniques can help you prepare for stressful events and cope with difficult tests, treatments and procedures. Learn how you can use these techniques throughout your cancer treatment.</p></div><ol class="list-group" style="display:none;"><li><div class="panel-heading clickable"> <span class="pull-right panel-heading-collapsable-icon"> <i class="mdi mdi-chevron-down"></i></span> <h3>Relaxation</h3></div><ol class="list-group" style="display:none;"><li class="list-group-item"> <a class="overview-links" href="/Article?contentid=3540&language=English">Relaxation</a></li><li class="list-group-item"> <a class="overview-links" href="/Article?contentid=3541&language=English">Belly breathing</a></li><li class="list-group-item"> <a class="overview-links" href="/Article?contentid=2586&language=English">Relaxation with tension</a></li><li class="list-group-item"> <a class="overview-links" href="/Article?contentid=2587&language=English">Relaxation without tension</a></li><li class="list-group-item"> <a class="overview-links" href="/Article?contentid=2588&language=English">Mini-relaxation</a></li></ol></li><li><div class="panel-heading clickable"> <span class="pull-right panel-heading-collapsable-icon"> <i class="mdi mdi-chevron-down"></i></span> <h3>Distraction</h3></div><ol class="list-group" style="display:none;"><li class="list-group-item"> <a class="overview-links" href="/Article?contentid=3546&language=English">Distraction</a></li><li class="list-group-item"> <a class="overview-links" href="/Article?contentid=3547&language=English">Attention focusing</a></li><li class="list-group-item"> <a class="overview-links" href="/Article?contentid=3548&language=English">Imagery</a></li><li class="list-group-item"> <a class="overview-links" href="/Article?contentid=3549&language=English">Mental games</a></li><li class="list-group-item"> <a class="overview-links" href="/Article?contentid=3550&language=English">Distracting activities</a></li></ol></li><li class="list-group-item"> <a class="overview-links" href="/Article?contentid=3545&language=English">Behaviour rehearsal</a></li><li class="list-group-item"> <a class="overview-links" href="/Article?contentid=3551&language=English">Meditation</a></li></ol></div><div class="panel panel-primary"><div class="panel-heading clickable"> <span class="pull-right panel-heading-collapsable-icon"> <i class="mdi mdi-chevron-down"></i></span> <h2 class="panel-title">Self-monitoring and supports</h2></div><div class="panel-body list-group" style="display:none;"><p>In this section, find out how to stick to your treatment plan, why and how to self-monitor for symptoms and side effects when on treatment, and the importance of self-monitoring for late effects when treatment is finished.</p></div><ol class="list-group" style="display:none;"><li><div class="panel-heading clickable"> <span class="pull-right panel-heading-collapsable-icon"> <i class="mdi mdi-chevron-down"></i></span> <h3>On treatment</h3></div><ol class="list-group" style="display:none;"><li class="list-group-item"> <a class="overview-links" href="/Article?contentid=3555&language=English">Your treatment plan</a></li><li class="list-group-item"> <a class="overview-links" href="/Article?contentid=3556&language=English">Regular appointments</a></li><li class="list-group-item"> <a class="overview-links" href="/Article?contentid=3557&language=English">Self-monitoring: Recognizing symptoms and side effects</a></li><li class="list-group-item"> <a class="overview-links" href="/Article?contentid=3812&language=English">The Pain Squad smartphone app</a></li></ol></li><li><div class="panel-heading clickable"> <span class="pull-right panel-heading-collapsable-icon"> <i class="mdi mdi-chevron-down"></i></span> <h3>Off treatment</h3></div><ol class="list-group" style="display:none;"><li class="list-group-item"> <a class="overview-links" href="/Article?contentid=3559&language=English">Adjusting to life off treatment </a></li><li class="list-group-item"> <a class="overview-links" href="/Article?contentid=3560&language=English">Self-monitoring after cancer treatment</a></li><li class="list-group-item"> <a class="overview-links" href="/Article?contentid=3561&language=English">Late effects</a></li><li class="list-group-item"> <a class="overview-links" href="/Article?contentid=3562&language=English">How do I self-monitor for late effects?</a></li></ol></li><li class="list-group-item"> <a class="overview-links" href="/Article?contentid=3563&language=English">Resources and support groups</a></li></ol></div><div class="panel panel-primary"><div class="panel-heading clickable"> <span class="pull-right panel-heading-collapsable-icon"> <i class="mdi mdi-chevron-down"></i></span> <h2 class="panel-title">Your lifestyle</h2></div><div class="panel-body list-group" style="display:none;"><p> You can’t always control your cancer, but you can control the choices you make in your everyday life. This section covers many different ways to help you develop healthy lifestyle behaviours in the areas of nutrition, sexuality, exercise, and mental health.</p></div><ol class="list-group" style="display:none;"><li class="list-group-item"> <a class="overview-links" href="/Article?contentid=3566&language=English">Cancer and your lifestyle</a></li><li><div class="panel-heading clickable"> <span class="pull-right panel-heading-collapsable-icon"> <i class="mdi mdi-chevron-down"></i></span> <h3>Physical activity</h3></div><ol class="list-group" style="display:none;"><li class="list-group-item"> <a class="overview-links" href="/Article?contentid=3567&language=English">Staying active</a></li><li class="list-group-item"> <a class="overview-links" href="/Article?contentid=3568&language=English">Yoga and cancer</a></li></ol></li><li><div class="panel-heading clickable"> <span class="pull-right panel-heading-collapsable-icon"> <i class="mdi mdi-chevron-down"></i></span> <h3>Nutrition</h3></div><ol class="list-group" style="display:none;"><li class="list-group-item"> <a class="overview-links" href="/Article?contentid=3569&language=English">Maintaining a healthy weight</a></li><li class="list-group-item"> <a class="overview-links" href="/Article?contentid=3570&language=English">Eating well for health</a></li></ol></li><li><div class="panel-heading clickable"> <span class="pull-right panel-heading-collapsable-icon"> <i class="mdi mdi-chevron-down"></i></span> <h3>Sexuality</h3></div><ol class="list-group" style="display:none;"><li class="list-group-item"> <a class="overview-links" href="/Article?contentid=3571&language=English">Sexuality and cancer (ages 12 and 13)</a></li><li class="list-group-item"> <a class="overview-links" href="/Article?contentid=3572&language=English">Sexuality and cancer (ages 14 and up)</a></li></ol></li><li class="list-group-item"> <a class="overview-links" href="/Article?contentid=3573&language=English">Cancer and depression</a></li><li class="list-group-item"> <a class="overview-links" href="/Article?contentid=3574&language=English">Drinking and drugs</a></li><li class="list-group-item"> <a class="overview-links" href="/Article?contentid=3575&language=English">Smoking and vaping</a></li><li class="list-group-item"> <a class="overview-links" href="/Article?contentid=3576&language=English">Sun exposure</a></li></ol></div><div class="panel panel-primary"><div class="panel-heading clickable"> <span class="pull-right panel-heading-collapsable-icon"> <i class="mdi mdi-chevron-down"></i></span> <h2 class="panel-title">After cancer</h2></div><ol class="list-group" style="display:none;"><li><div class="panel-heading clickable"> <span class="pull-right panel-heading-collapsable-icon"> <i class="mdi mdi-chevron-down"></i></span> <h3>Making the transition to adult health care</h3></div><ol class="list-group" style="display:none;"><li class="list-group-item"> <a class="overview-links" href="/Article?contentid=3579&language=English">Transitioning to adult health care</a></li><li class="list-group-item"> <a class="overview-links" href="/Article?contentid=3580&language=English">What is an adult care centre like?</a></li><li class="list-group-item"> <a class="overview-links" href="/Article?contentid=3581&language=English">Your three-sentence health summary</a></li></ol></li><li class="list-group-item"> <a class="overview-links" href="/Article?contentid=3582&language=English">Monitoring in the future</a></li><li><div class="panel-heading clickable"> <span class="pull-right panel-heading-collapsable-icon"> <i class="mdi mdi-chevron-down"></i></span> <h3>Higher education</h3></div><ol class="list-group" style="display:none;"><li class="list-group-item"> <a class="overview-links" href="/Article?contentid=3583&language=English">Moving on: Higher education</a></li><li class="list-group-item"> <a class="overview-links" href="/Article?contentid=3584&language=English">Accessibility and support in higher education</a></li></ol></li><li><div class="panel-heading clickable"> <span class="pull-right panel-heading-collapsable-icon"> <i class="mdi mdi-chevron-down"></i></span> <h3>Employment</h3></div><ol class="list-group" style="display:none;"><li class="list-group-item"> <a class="overview-links" href="/Article?contentid=3585&language=English">Moving on: Working</a></li><li class="list-group-item"> <a class="overview-links" href="/Article?contentid=3586&language=English">Accessibility and support when working</a></li></ol></li><li class="list-group-item"> <a class="overview-links" href="/Article?contentid=3587&language=English">Managing your finances</a></li><li><div class="panel-heading clickable"> <span class="pull-right panel-heading-collapsable-icon"> <i class="mdi mdi-chevron-down"></i></span> <h3>Current research</h3></div><ol class="list-group" style="display:none;"><li class="list-group-item"> <a class="overview-links" href="/Article?contentid=3589&language=English">Cancer research</a></li><li class="list-group-item"> <a class="overview-links" href="/Article?contentid=3590&language=English">The future of cancer research</a></li></ol></li><li class="list-group-item"> <a class="overview-links" href="/Article?contentid=3591&language=English">Resources</a></li></ol></div>https://assets.aboutkidshealth.ca/AKHAssets/Teen_cancer_landing_page.jpgcancercancer This learning hub will help you prepare for what to expect during cancer diagnosis and treatment. You can also find information on life after treatment.Teens
Kidney transplantKidney transplantKidney transplantKEnglishNephrology;TransplantTeen (13-18 years)KidneysRenal system/Urinary systemConditions and diseases;Non-drug treatmentTeen (13-18 years)NALanding Page (Overview)Learning Hub<p>​This hub offers information and advice for teens before, during and after kidney transplant surgery.<br></p><p>This hub offers information and tools to help teens understand what to expect before, during and after kidney transplant surgery. You will learn how you will be assessed for surgery and what to do while waiting for your transplant. You will also learn about adjusting to life with your new kidney, for example how to manage your medications, make healthy lifestyle choices, handle stress and make decisions that set you up for long-term success.<br></p>https://assets.aboutkidshealth.ca/AKHAssets/iStock-911030818.jpgkidneytransplantkidneytransplantTeens
Living with hand and upper limb conditionsLiving with hand and upper limb conditionsLiving with hand and upper limb conditionsLEnglishAdolescentTeen (13-18 years)Arm;NeckNAHealthy living and preventionTeen (13-18 years)NA2021-12-20T05:00:00ZLanding PageLearning Hub<p>Learn from young people with arm and hand differences about how they do home, school, work, and leisure activities in their own way.</p><p>Learn from young people with arm and hand differences about how they do home, school, work, and leisure activities in their own way.</p><p>The Embracing Our Limb Differences series is a video library of young people just like you with arm and hand differences doing a variety of tasks including opening a jar, shampooing their hair, typing on a computer, and many more.</p> <br> <div class="asset-video"> <iframe src="https://www.youtube.com/embed/videoseries?list=PLjJtOP3StIuUy1XfS9MxGrWZ38ifea3LM" frameborder="0"></iframe> <br></div><p>To view other AboutKidsHealth videos, please visit the <a href="https://www.youtube.com/user/Aboutkidshealth">AboutKidsHealth YouTube channel</a>.</p><div class="panel panel-primary"><div class="panel-heading clickable"> <span class="pull-right panel-heading-collapsable-icon"> <i class="mdi mdi-chevron-down"></i></span> <h2 class="panel-title">About the Embracing Our Differences series</h2></div><div class="panel-body list-group" style="display:none;"><p>The Embracing Our Differences series is a video library of young people with arm and hand differences doing a variety of tasks. Learn how to submit your own video tutorial.</p></div><ol class="list-group" style="display:none;"><li class="list-group-item"> <a class="overview-links" href="/Article?contentid=4002&language=English">Living with hand and upper limb conditions: Embracing Our Differences</a></li></ol></div><div class="panel panel-primary"><div class="panel-heading clickable"> <span class="pull-right panel-heading-collapsable-icon"> <i class="mdi mdi-chevron-down"></i></span> <h2 class="panel-title">Grooming activities</h2></div><div class="panel-body list-group" style="display:none;"><p>Learn from young people with arm and hand differences about how they perform grooming activities in their own way.</p></div><ol class="list-group" style="display:none;"><li class="list-group-item"> <a class="overview-links" href="/Article?contentid=4003&language=English">Performing grooming activities with arm and hand differences</a></li></ol></div><div class="panel panel-primary"><div class="panel-heading clickable"> <span class="pull-right panel-heading-collapsable-icon"> <i class="mdi mdi-chevron-down"></i></span> <h2 class="panel-title">Kitchen activities</h2></div><div class="panel-body list-group" style="display:none;"><p>Learn from young people with arm and hand differences about how they perform kitchen activities in their own way.</p></div><ol class="list-group" style="display:none;"><li class="list-group-item"> <a class="overview-links" href="/Article?contentid=4004&language=English">Performing kitchen activities with arm and hand differences</a></li></ol></div><div class="panel panel-primary"><div class="panel-heading clickable"> <span class="pull-right panel-heading-collapsable-icon"> <i class="mdi mdi-chevron-down"></i></span> <h2 class="panel-title">School, work and computer-based activities</h2></div><div class="panel-body list-group" style="display:none;"><p>Learn from young people with arm and hand differences about how they perform school, work and computer-based activities in their own way.</p></div><ol class="list-group" style="display:none;"><li class="list-group-item"> <a class="overview-links" href="/Article?contentid=4005&language=English">Performing school, work, and computer-based activities with arm and hand differences</a></li></ol></div><div class="panel panel-primary"><div class="panel-heading clickable"> <span class="pull-right panel-heading-collapsable-icon"> <i class="mdi mdi-chevron-down"></i></span> <h2 class="panel-title">Resources</h2></div><div class="panel-body list-group" style="display:none;"><p>View the entire Embracing Our Differences series and other resources.</p></div><ol class="list-group" style="display:none;"><li class="list-group-item"> <a class="overview-links" href="https://youtube.com/playlist?list=PLjJtOP3StIuUy1XfS9MxGrWZ38ifea3LM">Embracing Our Differences series playlist</a></li><li class="list-group-item"> <a class="overview-links" href="https://www.sickkids.ca/en/care-services/clinical-departments/plastic-reconstructive-surgery/#programs">SickKids Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery Clinic</a></li><li class="list-group-item"> <a class="overview-links" href="https://www.waramps.ca/ways-we-help/child-amputees/">The CHAMP Program </a></li><li class="list-group-item"> <a class="overview-links" href="https://hollandbloorview.ca/our-services/about-your-visit/virtual-tour/prosthetic-services">Holland Bloorview Kids Rehabilitation Prosthetic Department</a></li></ol></div>https://assets.aboutkidshealth.ca/AKHAssets/limb-differences-learning-hub.jpghandlimbconditionsTeens
Eating disordersEating disordersEating disordersEEnglishNutrition;AdolescentPre-teen (9-12 years);Teen (13-18 years)NANAConditions and diseases;Healthy living and preventionTeen (13-18 years) Pre-teen (9-12 years)NALanding PageLearning Hub<p>Learn about different eating disorders, the common signs and symptoms and what to do if you think you or someone you know might have an eating disorder.</p><p>Learn about different eating disorders, the common signs and symptoms and what to do if you think you or someone you know might have an eating disorder.</p><div class="panel panel-primary"><div class="panel-heading clickable"> <span class="pull-right panel-heading-collapsable-icon"><i class="mdi mdi-chevron-down"></i></span> <h2 class="panel-title">Eating disorders</h2></div><div class="panel-body list-group" style="display:none;"><p>Eating disorders can impact your mental as well as physical health, and can also affect your family. Find out about the symptoms and treatment of anorexia nervosa, bulimia nervosa, avoidant/restrictive food intake disorder and binge eating disorder, and how you can help yourself during recovery.</p></div><ol class="list-group" style="display:none;"><li class="list-group-item"> <a class="overview-links" href="/Article?contentid=4123&language=English">What is an eating disorder</a></li><li class="list-group-item"> <a class="overview-links" href="/Article?contentid=3785&language=English">Anorexia nervosa</a></li><li class="list-group-item"> <a class="overview-links" href="/Article?contentid=3787&language=English">Bulimia nervosa</a></li><li class="list-group-item"> <a class="overview-links" href="/Article?contentid=3789&language=English">Avoidant/restrictive food intake disorder</a></li><li class="list-group-item"> <a class="overview-links" href="/Article?contentid=3791&language=English">Binge eating disorder</a></li><li class="list-group-item"> <a class="overview-links" href="/Article?contentid=4045&language=English">Relative energy deficiency in sports (RED-S)</a></li></ol></div>https://assets.aboutkidshealth.ca/AKHAssets/iStock-1419157251.jpgeatingdisordersTeens

 

 

Bulimia nervosaBulimia nervosaBulimia nervosaBEnglishPsychiatryTeen (13-18 years)NANAConditions and diseasesTeen (13-18 years)NA2023-03-13T04:00:00Z10.100000000000054.1000000000000723.000000000000Health (A-Z) - ConditionsHealth A-Z<p>Bulimia nervosa is an eating disorder where a person overeats and feels out of control, called binge eating, and does things to make up for overeating to prevent weight gain, called purging. Learn about the signs and symptoms, diagnosis and treatments.</p><h2>What is bulimia nervosa? </h2><p>Bulimia nervosa is an eating disorder where a person struggles with eating a larger amount of food than most people would eat over a short time, once a week or more for at least three months. A person with bulimia nervosa worries about gaining weight, feels shameful about the binge eating and will engage in unhealthy or dangerous purging behaviours (e.g., vomiting, taking pills, dieting to extremes or doing too much exercise) to prevent weight gain.</p><p>People with bulimia nervosa may be thin, average weight, or overweight. In addition to bingeing and purging, someone with bulimia nervosa feels unhappy about their appearance and wants to lose weight. People with bulimia nervosa may not seek help on their own because they may be embarrassed by or ashamed of their eating patterns. However, with treatment, they can often get better.</p><h2>Key points</h2><ul><li>Bulimia nervosa is an eating disorder where a person has a distorted body image and a fear of gaining weight. </li><li>The disorder involves both binge eating (eating much more than most people would in a short period of time and feeling guilty or ashamed) and purging (self-induced vomiting, taking laxatives, diuretics, weight loss pills, fasting, or exercising) to try to prevent weight gain. </li><li>It is important to see a health-care provider if you experience episodes of binge eating or purging, or you think you might have bulimia nervosa or another eating disorder. </li></ul><h2>What are the signs and symptoms of bulimia nervosa?</h2><p>Bulimia nervosa has a range of signs and symptoms. </p><div class="symptoms-container" id="symp-bulimia"> <a href="#" class="symp-fullscreen"> <img src="https://assets.aboutkidshealth.ca/AKHAssets/Signs%20and%20Symptoms/Bulimia/B_Landing_screen_mobile.png" alt="" /></a> <a href="#" class="symp-close-full material-icons pull-right">close</a> <div class="instruction-container"><div class="thumbnail-col"> <span class="symp-title">BEHAVIOURAL</span></div><div class="thumbnail-col"> <span class="symp-title">PHYSICAL</span></div><div class="anim-instructions"> <img src="https://assets.aboutkidshealth.ca/AKHAssets/Signs%20and%20Symptoms/Bulimia/SpeechBubbles_Bulimia.png" alt="" /> </div></div><div class="symptoms-info"> <span class="symp-title">BEHAVIOURAL SIGNS</span><button type="button" class="symp-close"><i class="material-icons">home</i></button> <div class="info-card"><div class="desc"> <span class="card-title">Eating quickly or large amounts of food in a short time</span> <p>A person with bulimia may eat faster than expected in an effort to eat a lot of food in a short time.</p></div> <img src="https://assets.aboutkidshealth.ca/AKHAssets/Signs%20and%20Symptoms/Bulimia/Bulimia01_eatingQuickLarge.png?RenditionID=10" alt="" /> </div><div class="info-card"> <span class="card-title">Eating when nobody is around</span> <p>Binge eating has links with guilt and shame. If someone has bulimia, they might eat in the middle of the night or when no one else around and may hide food wrappers around the home.</p> <img src="https://assets.aboutkidshealth.ca/AKHAssets/Signs%20and%20Symptoms/Bulimia/Bulimia06_sneakFood.png?RenditionID=10" alt="" /> </div><div class="info-card"> <span class="card-title">Disappearing immediately after a meal</span> <p>Someone with bulimia tends to purge or otherwise compensate for their eating. Purging can include vomiting or taking pills such as laxatives to affect how the body responds to food.</p> <img src="https://assets.aboutkidshealth.ca/AKHAssets/Signs%20and%20Symptoms/Bulimia/Bulimia05_dissapear.png?RenditionID=10" alt="" /> </div><div class="info-card"> <span class="card-title">Becoming more irritable</span> <p>Because their brains are starved of nutrients, a person with bulimia might not think clearly. They may become irritable and have emotional outbursts and sudden mood swings.</p> <img src="https://assets.aboutkidshealth.ca/AKHAssets/Signs%20and%20Symptoms/Bulimia/Bulimia02_irritable.png?RenditionID=10" alt="" /> </div><div class="btn-container"> <button type="button" class="symp-prev"> <i class="material-icons">chevron_left</i></button><button type="button" class="symp-next"><i class="material-icons">chevron_right</i></button></div></div><div class="symptoms-info"> <span class="symp-title">PHYSICAL SIGNS</span><button type="button" class="symp-close"><i class="material-icons">home</i></button> <div class="info-card"><div class="desc"> <span class="card-title">Puffy face</span> <p>Because of their repeated purging, someone with bulimia may develop swollen parotid glands (just in front of their ears). When these glands are swollen, they can make cheeks look puffy.</p></div> <img src="https://assets.aboutkidshealth.ca/AKHAssets/Signs%20and%20Symptoms/Bulimia/Bulimia03_puffyFace.png?RenditionID=10" alt="" /> </div><div class="info-card"> <span class="card-title">Calloused knuckles</span> <p>If someone with bulimia engages in regular purging, their knuckles can get calloused. This is from repeatedly putting their fingers down their throat to induce vomiting. </p> <img src="https://assets.aboutkidshealth.ca/AKHAssets/Signs%20and%20Symptoms/Bulimia/Bulimia04_callous.png?RenditionID=10" alt="" /> </div><div class="info-card"> <span class="card-title">Dramatic changes in weight</span> <p>Someone with bulimia often has average weight, but this can rise and fall quickly due to bingeing and purging cycles.</p> <img src="https://assets.aboutkidshealth.ca/AKHAssets/Signs%20and%20Symptoms/Bulimia/Bulimia09_dramaticWeightChange.png?RenditionID=10" alt="" /> </div><div class="info-card"> <span class="card-title">Broken blood vessels in eyes or face</span> <p>Repeated attempts to vomit puts pressure on the small blood vessels in the face and eyes. When someone retches regularly over a short time, these small blood vessels can start to burst.</p> <img src="https://assets.aboutkidshealth.ca/AKHAssets/Signs%20and%20Symptoms/Bulimia/Bulimia08_brokenVessels.png?RenditionID=10" alt="" /> </div><div class="info-card"> <span class="card-title">Dizziness, confusion and weakness</span> <p>Inappropriate intake of nutrition and fluids, along with purging, may interfere with a person’s electrolyte levels and cause them to feel dizzy, confused or weak.<br></p> <img src="https://assets.aboutkidshealth.ca/AKHAssets/Signs%20and%20Symptoms/Bulimia/Bulimia07_dizziness.png?RenditionID=10" alt="" /> </div><div class="btn-container"> <button type="button" class="symp-prev"> <i class="material-icons">chevron_left</i></button><button type="button" class="symp-next"><i class="material-icons">chevron_right</i></button></div></div><h3 class="main-title">Bulimia <span class="symp-subtitle">Common Signs</span></h3></div><h3>Physical signs of bulimia nervosa</h3><ul><li>can be of any body weight, shape or size </li><li>puffiness of the face, especially around the cheeks</li><li>callouses or marks on the knuckles</li><li>broken blood vessels around the eyes and face</li><li>bad breath because of vomiting</li><li>dizziness</li><li>vomiting blood</li><li>digestive problems</li><li>confusion, weakness or fatigue due changes in important electrolytes such as potassium or sodium</li><li>thinning hair</li><li>tooth decay</li><li>potentially dangerous and sometimes fatal changes in heart rate</li></ul><h3>Behavioural signs of bulimia nervosa</h3><ul><li>hide their binging and purging behaviors </li><li>skipping meals </li><li>weight fluctuations (increases and decreases) because of bingeing and purging </li><li>eating large amounts in a short time </li><li>eating quickly </li><li>hiding food wrappers around the house </li><li>eating in the middle of the night </li><li>disappearing to the bathroom after eating </li><li>not wanting to eat with others </li><li>becoming more irritable or having mood swings and outbursts </li><li>judge themselves based on their body weight </li></ul><h2>What if I think I may have bulimia nervosa? </h2><p> <strong>Tell someone</strong>. Tell a trusted adult such as a parent, caregiver, teacher, coach or therapist. Explain your concerns and ask for their help. </p><p> <strong>Don’t feel alone</strong>. It can be hard to tell someone about your eating disorder thoughts and behaviors. You might be concerned about how they will react. However, it can help to have an open and honest conversation about your eating disorder with those you trust. It will help you feel less alone. </p><p> <strong>Get help early</strong>. It is important for you to see your health-care provider as soon as possible. Your health-care provider can help to determine whether you have an eating disorder and can also assess how serious the situation is. The sooner a diagnosis is made, the quicker you can start treatment, and the better chance for recovery. </p><p>It’s important to see your health-care provider if you: </p><ul><li>are worried you might have bulimia nervosa or another eating disorder </li><li>have out-of-control eating episodes or binges </li><li>are purging by making yourself throw up after you eat or taking pills to alter how food affects your body </li></ul><p>It is especially important to see a health-care provider if you experience pain in your body, especially chest or stomach pain, or you begin to vomit blood. </p><h2>What will a health-care provider do during an assessment for bulimia nervosa? </h2><p>A health-care provider will do a complete history (medical, nutritional and psychosocial history) and a thorough physical examination including: </p><ul><li>measuring your weight and height (plotting measurement on a growth curve) </li><li>taking your lying and standing blood pressure and heart rate </li><li>taking your temperature </li><li>assessing your pubertal growth development </li></ul><p>They may also do some initial tests including blood and urine tests to check if there are abnormalities and an electrocardiogram to check how the heart is functioning. </p><h2>How is bulimia nervosa treated? </h2><p>If the health-care provider determines that a person has bulimia nervosa, they will arrange for appropriate care. Eating disorder care is usually done with multiple health-care professionals including pediatrician or adolescent medicine doctor or family doctor or nurse practitioner, nurses, dietitians, psychologists, psychiatrists, and social workers who specialize in treating children and teens with eating disorders. </p><p>The health-care provider will decide if the patient can be managed as an outpatient (outside the hospital), either in the health-care provider’s office, or in a specialized eating disorder program. </p><p>The first treatment recommended for young people is an outpatient treatment is called family-based treatment, which focuses on recovery of the eating disorder. Parents/caregivers play an essential role in the treatment and recovery of their child. Family-based treatment includes 3 treatment phases. </p><ul><li>Phase 1 focuses on weight restoration. Parents, supported by the therapist, take responsibility for making sure that the adolescent is eating sufficiently and also takes on all meal planning and preparation. </li><li>Phase 2 is when substantial weight recovery has occurred and the adolescent gradually assumes responsibility for their own eating. </li><li>Phase 3 is when weight is restored and the focus is on general issues of adolescent development. </li></ul><p>If the health-care provider finds that the patient is too sick for outpatient treatment, they may refer the patient for urgent hospitalization. </p><p>The goals of treatment are to: </p><ul><li>ensure that the adolescent is medically safe </li><li>achieve a weight that guarantees healthy growth and development </li><li>stop the cycles of bingeing and purging </li><li>work on having all types of food in moderation, including foods the adolescent may have binged on </li><li>help manage any emotions about eating, including any worries about weight </li></ul><p>If you are experiencing depression or anxiety in addition to bulimia nervosa, your health-care team may suggest other treatments for those mental health disorders once the eating disorder is under control. </p><p>Sometimes your health-care team may also suggest medication. Antidepressants can help with depression or anxiety and can sometimes also help with urges to binge or purge. </p><p>Full recovery from bulimia nervosa is possible. It is important to remember that an early diagnosis and treatment and an early response to treatment may be associated with better outcomes. </p><p>SickKids has an eating disorder program that treats children and teens who are struggling with symptoms of anorexia nervosa, bulimia nervosa and avoidant restrictive food intake disorder. For more information on our program visit: <a href="https://www.sickkids.ca/en/care-services/clinical-departments/adolescent-medicine/">www.sickkids.ca/en/care-services/clinical-departments/adolescent-medicine/</a></p><p> <a href="http://www.nedic.ca/">NEDIC – National Eating Disorder Information Centre</a> (Canada)</p><p> <a href="https://www.nationaleatingdisorders.org/">NEDA – National Eating Disorder Association</a> (United States)</p><p> <a href="https://www.beateatingdisorders.org.uk/">B-EAT – Beating Eating Disorders</a> (United Kingdom)</p><p> <a href="https://keltyeatingdisorders.ca/">Kelty Eating Disorders</a> (Kelty Mental Health Resource Centre, BC Children's Hospital)</p><p> <a href="https://anad.org/">ANAD - National Association of Anorexia Nervosa and Associated Disorders</a> (United States) </p>https://assets.aboutkidshealth.ca/AKHAssets/Bulimia-Interactive.png Learn about the common behavioural and physical signs and symptoms of bulimia nervosa with this interactive click through. Teens
Physical activity and mental health: Types of physical activityPhysical activity and mental health: Types of physical activityPhysical activity and mental health: Types of physical activityPEnglishPreventionTeen (13-18 years)NANAHealthy living and preventionTeen (13-18 years)NAhttps://assets.aboutkidshealth.ca/AKHAssets/Wellbeing-Interactive.png2019-03-22T04:00:00Z9.0000000000000056.4000000000000468.000000000000Flat ContentHealth A-Z<p>Find out how much physical activity you need every day and how you can add more exercise into your daily routine.</p><h2>How much physical activity do I need? </h2><p>Guidelines from the Canadian Society for Exercise Physiology (CSEP) divide a 24-hour day into four segments.</p><ul><li>Sweat</li><li>Step</li><li>Sleep</li><li>Sit</li></ul><p>For teens, it recommends:</p><ul><li>Sweat: At least 60 minutes (1 hour) of moderate-to-vigorous intensity physical activity every day. Vigorous intensity and bone and muscle strengthening activity at least three days a week.</li><li>Step: Several hours of structured and unstructured light intensity activities such as playing, walking to or from school, doing chores.</li><li><a href="https://teens.aboutkidshealth.ca/Article?contentid=3632&language=English">Sleep</a>: 8 to 10 hours of uninterrupted sleep.</li><li>Sit: No more than 2 hours of recreational <a href="https://teens.aboutkidshealth.ca/Article?contentid=3775&language=English">screen time</a> a day.<br></li></ul><h2>How can I tell if my activities are moderate or vigorous intensity?</h2><p>Vigorous-intensity activities make you sweat and feel "out of breath", leaving you able to speak only a few words between breaths. Examples include dancing, running, biking or swimming at a fast pace.</p><p>Moderate-intensity activities also make you sweat and breathe a little harder, but you can still talk while you move. Examples include rollerblading, bike-riding and moderate level yoga.</p><h2>What types of activities will strengthen my muscles and bones?</h2><p>Activities that strengthen muscles and bones force the body to bear weight. They include hiking, playing tennis or basketball or doing weight training with body weight or hand-held weights.</p><p>Cycling and swimming are good for building muscles and improving heart health, but they are not as effective as other activities for building strong bones. This is because the bones are not required to bear as much weight while the body is in a seated position or in water.</p><h2>I’m not very physically active. How do I start?</h2><p>If you don’t have a routine, spend time finding something you enjoy doing and take gradual steps from there. Getting outside, going for a swim or walking, running or bike riding with friends or family are all great ways to start.</p><p>The most important thing is to choose an activity that fits your interests. If you prefer doing physical activity on your own, consider running, biking or swimming. If you enjoy being part of a group while you’re active, then team-based sports like basketball or soccer might be a better option. </p><p>Also consider if you can access the activity pretty easily. Uniforms, equipment, lessons and travel to and from training or competitions can make some activities expensive. To reduce some costs, think of some activities that might be available through your school or your city’s or town’s recreation centres. </p><h2>I’m already physically active. Do I need to get some activity every single day?</h2><p>Even if you play an organized sport a few times a week, it’s a good idea to move on your off days as well. Think about walking or cycling to a friend’s house or going for a swim.<br></p> <br> <div class="asset-animation asset-cv-animation"> <iframe src="https://teens.aboutkidshealth.ca/Style%20Library/AKH/animations/AKH%20Excercise%20Quiz/quiz.html"></iframe>  </div><h3>Centre for Addiction and Mental Health (CAMH) – <a href="http://www.camh.ca/">camh.ca</a></h3><p>CAMH is a mental health and addiction teaching and research hospital that provides a wide range of clinical care services for patients of all ages and families.</p><p> <a href="https://youtu.be/qMnQFTy3t30">Mood Matters: How Food, Movement & Sleep Can Have an Impact on You</a></p>https://assets.aboutkidshealth.ca/AKHAssets/types_of_physical_activity.jpgWhat type of exercise is right for you? Take this quiz to find out what type of exercise or activity is right for you based on your exercise preferences.Teens
Consent and capacity in health careConsent and capacity in health careConsent and capacity in health careCEnglishAdolescentTeen (13-18 years)NANAHealthy living and preventionTeen (13-18 years)NAhttps://assets.aboutkidshealth.ca/AKHAssets/Consenr-Interactive.png2021-11-10T05:00:00Z10.100000000000055.10000000000001071.00000000000Flat ContentHealth A-Z<p>Discover the difference between consent and capacity, and learn how health-care providers determine that you are capable of making your own health-care decisions.</p><h2>Making your own decisions</h2><p> <em>Consent</em> and <em>capacity</em> are two concepts that relate to your ability to make decisions. When you are young, your parents or caregivers make most of the decisions for you. In general, as you get older, you are able to make more decisions by yourself. You can always ask your parents/caregivers for help or advice on making health-care decisions, regardless of your age. Some of the most important decisions that you make can involve giving permission to other people.</p><p>There are specific rules around two of the most important types of decisions that can be made: decisions related to health and decisions related to being sexually active.</p><h2>Key points</h2><ul><li>Consent means giving permission for something to happen, or agreeing that someone will do something for you on your behalf.</li><li>Capacity is your ability to make a decision for yourself.</li><li>To be able to make your own decisions about your health, your health-care provider needs to know that you are <em>capable</em> to make those decisions.</li><li>You are considered capable when you demonstrate that you understand the information about the decision you are going to make and can appreciate the consequences of that decision.</li><li>If you are not capable of making your own health-care decision, a substitute decision maker will make the decision on your behalf.</li></ul><h2>What are consent and capacity?</h2><p> <strong>Consent</strong> means giving permission for something to happen, or agreeing that someone will do something for you on your behalf. You give consent for different things every day. For example, if you make a new friend and decide to share your phone number, you are giving them consent or permission to contact you. Another example is when you install a new app on your phone; it may ask you for your consent or permission to know your location.</p><p> <strong>Capacity</strong> relates to your ability to make decisions. When you are a baby, you do not have very much capacity, that is, you cannot make many decisions for yourself. As you get older and become more mature, you have the capacity to make more and more decisions for yourself. Your capacity to make some decisions is often related to your age. For example, you have to be 18 years old in order to vote in an election. However, your capacity is also determined by how much you understand. For example, you have to be 16 years old in Ontario before you are able to write your driver’s test, but you cannot obtain your full licence until you have passed two driving tests.<br></p><p></p><div class="asset-video"> <iframe src="https://www.youtube.com/embed/ceguD3F4tmA" frameborder="0"></iframe> <br> <h2>Making decisions about your health</h2><p>The decisions you make about your health and health care are very important. They are so important that they are governed by a set of laws. To be able to make your own decisions about your health, your health-care provider (doctor, nurse, physiotherapist, etc.) needs to know that you are <em>capable</em> to make those decisions. In health care, <em>capacity</em> has a special definition with two parts:</p><ol><li> <em>Understanding:</em> your health-care provider needs to know that you understand the information about the decision you are going to make.</li><li> <em>Appreciation:</em> your health-care provider needs to know that you appreciate what the decision and the consequences of the decision mean to you as a person.</li></ol><p>Let’s use an example of having an ear infection caused by bacteria. Your doctor may recommend that you take antibiotics to treat the infection. To make sure that you are <em>capable</em> of making the decision to take antibiotics to treat the infection, your doctor has to confirm that you <em>understand</em> that ear infections may not go away on their own; ear infections can be cured with antibiotics; if the ear infection is not treated, it may cause hearing loss; and the treatment the doctor recommends, antibiotics, may have side effects. The doctor will also have to make sure that you <em>appreciate</em> what this decision means for you and your life. If you choose to take the antibiotics, you <em>appreciate</em> that you want the infection to be cured so you do not lose your hearing. You also <em>appreciate</em> that, while you may not like the side effects of antibiotics, it is still better for you to take the medicine to get rid of the infection than to refuse treatment.</p><p>In the province of Ontario, unlike driving and voting, there is no minimum age to consent to medical treatment. Every person, regardless of their age, is assumed to be <em>capable</em> to make decisions about their health unless a health-care provider determines they are not capable. <em>Capacity</em> is not a “blanket concept,” meaning just because you are capable of making one decision, does not mean you are always capable of making every decision. When you are younger, you may be capable of making some small-scale decisions, but you may still need help from your parents/caregivers to make more important decisions.</p><h2>What happens if I am not capable of making a decision about my health?</h2><p>Sometimes, it is obvious when a person is not capable of making a decision about their health. For example, it is obvious that babies cannot make their own decisions about their health. Another example is if you are in an accident and unconscious; it is clear you cannot make decisions when you are unconscious. In those situations, a substitute decision maker will make decisions on your behalf. For children and teens, their parents/caregivers are most often their <em>substitute decision makers</em>. Substitute decision makers are required, by law, to make the best decision for you, which means they must make the decision that is in your <em>best interests</em>.</p><p>There are other situations where it is not so clear if a person is capable of making their own health decisions. This might be because the person is suffering from a physical or mental illness, or they are a young teen who is still maturing. For very important decisions, health-care providers may do a <em>capacity assessment</em> to ensure you are capable of making the health-care decision. The capacity assessment must be performed by the health-care provider who is suggesting the treatment, such as your doctor, nurse, or therapist.</p></div><p>Relevant laws for Ontario can be found at <a href="http://www.ontario.ca/">www.ontario.ca</a>:</p><ul><li> <a href="https://www.ontario.ca/laws/statute/96h02">Health Care Consent Act (1996)</a></li><li> <a href="https://www.ontario.ca/laws/statute/90m07">Mental Health Act (1990)</a></li><li> <a href="https://www.ontario.ca/laws/statute/04p03">Personal Health Information Protection Act (2004)</a></li><li> <a href="https://www.ontario.ca/laws/statute/92s30">Substitute Decisions Act (1992)</a></li><li> <a href="https://www.ontario.ca/laws/statute/90h08">Highway Traffic Act (1990)</a></li><li> <a href="https://www.ontario.ca/laws/statute/17c14">Child, Youth, Family Services Act (2017)</a></li></ul>https://assets.aboutkidshealth.ca/AKHAssets/Consent_and_capacity_in_health_care.jpg Watch this video to learn about the importance of consent, capacity and confidentiality in health care and what your rights are as a patient. Teenshttps://youtu.be/ceguD3F4tmA
Celiac disease: eLearning modulesCeliac disease: eLearning modulesCeliac disease: eLearning modulesCEnglishAdolescent;Gastrointestinal;NutritionPre-teen (9-12 years);Teen (13-18 years)Small Intestine;StomachDigestive systemConditions and diseasesPre-teen (9-12 years) Teen (13-18 years)Abdominal pain;Painhttps://assets.aboutkidshealth.ca/AKHAssets/Celiac-Disease-and-Type1-Diabetes-Module.jpg2021-05-03T04:00:00ZFlat ContentHealth A-Z<p>Celiac disease is a lifelong condition. These eLearning modules will help you learn about the symptoms of celiac disease, how celiac disease is diagnosed, how it is treated and how gluten affects people with celiac disease. Also learn about special considerations for people who have both celiac disease and type 1 diabetes.</p><p>Celiac disease is an autoimmune disease that can affect people of all ages anywhere in the world. The first two interactive modules below will teach you what celiac disease is, how it is diagnosed and managed, and how gluten affects people with celiac disease. The next two modules are intended for those who have both celiac disease and type 1 diabetes (T1D).</p><p>To get started, click the "<strong>play</strong>" button on the module below. The module will open in a new browser window.</p><h2>Key points</h2><ul><li>Celiac disease is a lifelong condition that must be carefully managed through a strict gluten-free diet.</li><li>People with type 1 diabetes have a greater chance of developing celiac disease than the general population.</li><li>Press the play button and then click through each of the interactive modules to learn about celiac disease, the gluten-free diet and special considerations for those with celiac and type 1 diabetes.</li></ul><h2>Celiac disease</h2><p>In this module, you will learn:</p><ul><li>About the symptoms of celiac disease</li><li>How celiac disease is diagnosed</li><li>How celiac disease is treated</li><li>How gluten affects people with celiac disease</li></ul> <a href="https://www.aboutkidshealth.ca/Style%20Library/akh/animation/Module%201%20-%20Celiac%20Disease%20%20-%20Storyline%20output/story.html" target="_blank"> <figure class="asset-c-80"> <img src="https://assets.aboutkidshealth.ca/AKHAssets/Celiac-Disease-Module.jpg" alt="open celiac module" /></figure></a> <h2>The gluten-free diet</h2><p>In this module, you will learn:</p><ul><li>How to start the gluten-free diet</li><li>Which foods are allowed, not allowed and need to be questioned</li><li>How to read ingredient labels</li><li>All about cross-contamination</li></ul> <a href="https://www.aboutkidshealth.ca/Style%20Library/akh/animation/Celiac%20Disease%20Module%202%20-%20Gluten-free%20diet%20-%20Storyline%20output/story.html" target="_blank"> <figure class="asset-c-80"> <img src="https://assets.aboutkidshealth.ca/AKHAssets/Celiac-Disease-and-the-Gluten-Free-Diet-Module.jpg" alt="open celiac module" /></figure></a> <h2>Celiac disease and type 1 diabetes</h2><p>In this module, you will learn:</p><ul><li>About the symptoms of celiac disease</li><li>How celiac disease is diagnosed</li><li>About the connection between celiac disease and type 1 diabetes (T1D)</li><li>How celiac disease is treated</li><li>How gluten affects people with celiac disease</li></ul> <a href="https://www.aboutkidshealth.ca/Style%20Library/akh/animation/Diabetes%20-%20CD%20T1D%20Module%201%20-%20Celiac%20Disease%20-%20Storyline%20output/story.html" target="_blank"> <figure class="asset-c-80"> <img src="https://assets.aboutkidshealth.ca/AKHAssets/Celiac-Disease-and-Type1-Diabetes-Module.jpg" alt="open celiac module" /></figure></a> <h2>Celiac disease, type 1 diabetes and the gluten-free diet</h2><p>In this module, you will learn:</p><ul><li>How to start the gluten-free diet</li><li>Which foods are allowed, not allowed and need to be questioned</li><li>How to read ingredient labels</li><li>All about cross-contamination</li><li>Special considerations for celiac disease and type 1 diabetes</li> </ul> <a href="https://www.aboutkidshealth.ca/Style%20Library/akh/animation/Diabetes%20-%20CD%20T1D%20Module%202%20-%20Gluten-free%20diet%20-%20Storyline%20output/story.html" target="_blank"> <figure class="asset-c-80"> <img src="https://assets.aboutkidshealth.ca/AKHAssets/Celiac-Disease-and-Type1-Diabetes-and-the-Gluten-Free-Diet-Module.jpg" alt="open celiac module" /></figure></a>celiacdiseaseonlinelearningceliacdiseaseonlinelearningCeliac disease and the gluten-free diet This e-learning module will teach you about the symptoms of celiac disease, diagnosis, treatment and how gluten affects people with celiac disease.Teenshttps://www.aboutkidshealth.ca/Style%20Library/akh/animation/Module%201%20-%20Celiac%20Disease%20%20-%20Storyline%20output/story.html?hub=celiacdisease
Hemophilia: Understanding inhibitorsHemophilia: Understanding inhibitorsHemophilia: Understanding inhibitorsHEnglishHaematologyChild (0-12 years);Teen (13-18 years)NAArteries;VeinsConditions and diseasesTeen (13-18 years)NAhttps://assets.aboutkidshealth.ca/AKHAssets/Hemophilia-Interactive.png2019-03-13T04:00:00Z8.8000000000000058.4000000000000810.000000000000Flat ContentHealth A-Z<p>Teens living with hemophilia can learn about inhibitors, what they are and how they affect treatment.</p><p>Trying to wrap your head around inhibitors and how they work may seem tricky. But inhibitors can be an easy concept to grasp, especially if you’re a football fan. Click on the animation to learn how inhibitors affect hemophilia treatment and how different types of therapy can help.</p><h2>How inhibitors work</h2><p>Let’s use a football game to understand what happens inside your bloodstream when you treat a bleed. During a game, the goal is to try to get the football past defense and into the ‘end zone’ – the area at the other end of the field. Think of the football as factor; the football field is your bloodstream; and the end zone is the location of your bleed. During a football game, the defensive players try to prevent the football from getting into the end zone. Think of these defensive players as inhibitors. As you will learn, inhibitors can vary in strength. </p><p>A football team without a defense is just like a person with hemophilia who does not have any inhibitors. It is easy for factor to get into the end zone and stop the bleed because there are no defenders to “inhibit” the play.</p><p>Some inhibitors do not completely prevent factor from working. They just slow down factor, so that it is less effective. These are called low-titre inhibitors. This is similar to having only one defense player on the field. Sometimes these low-titre inhibitors resolve over time. If bleeding occurs, a person with a low-titre inhibitor may need more factor than usual to treat a bleed.</p><p>As more defensive players move into the field, it is going to be even harder to get the football into the end zone. This is similar to developing a strong inhibitor, which tackles factor, preventing it from reaching the bleeding joint. Stronger inhibitors are called high-titre inhibitors. In this case, doctors will have to adjust the treatment plan. The strongest inhibitors are the most difficult ones to treat. Increases in factor dosing may not work.</p> <figure class="asset-c-100"> <span class="asset-anim-title">How do inhibitors work?</span> <div class="asset-animation asset-cv-animation"> <iframe src="https://www.aboutkidshealth.ca/Style%20Library/akh/animation/Hemophilia-HowDoInhibitorsWork/Hemophilia_how_do_inhibitors_work_CANVAS_EN.html"></iframe>  </div> <p class="sr-only">This is a click-through animation of the concept described above. The animation is supplemental and repeats information from the body text.</p> </figure> <h2>Bypassing agents</h2><p>One option to get around the strong inhibitor defense is to use special factors called bypassing agents. These agents can avoid the high-titre inhibitors completely, much like a lateral pass in football that is thrown over and past the defense players. Bypassing agents are an effective strategy to treat people with inhibitors.</p><h2>Immune tolerance therapy (ITT)</h2><p>If you develop a high-titre inhibitor, doctors may put you on a treatment plan called immune tolerance therapy or ITT. </p><p>In ITT, doctors give you strategic doses of the product that you are missing. By giving you doses of factor at regular intervals over the course of several months or years, your body gets used to it. ITT helps your body build a ‘tolerance’ to product; it trains the body to recognize factor without reacting to it. The goal of ITT is to stop your body from making “defense players", thus resolving the inhibitors.</p><p>ITT is usually effective: studies show that ITT works about 80% of the time. Some people with hemophilia who have inhibitors may be on ITT for six months; others may be on it for up to two years or longer. </p><p>Once your body develops a good tolerance to the product, you still need to follow the advice of your comprehensive care team (CCT). In rare cases, the inhibitor can come back. </p><h2>Diagnosing inhibitors</h2><p>To determine the presence and amount of inhibitors in your blood, doctors need to run a blood test. If we think back to the football analogy, the test is like the Football Scouting Combine. In the Scouting Combine, university or college football players perform various mental and physical tests so scouts can determine their level of fitness. For a person with hemophilia, doctors will look for the number of inhibitors (defense players) and check to see how strong these inhibitors are. </p><p>The testing helps doctors distinguish between low and high-titre inhibitors. If the number ends up being high then your team knows that they are up against a high-titre inhibitor; low counts are low-titre inhibitors. Depending on which one it is, your CCT will come up with different “plays” to get your factor into scoring range and hopefully the end zone.</p><h2>Living with an inhibitor</h2><p>About 30% of people living with severe hemophilia will have inhibitors to factor. Living with an inhibitor is a very different story today than it used to be. A lot of research in hemophilia is focused on making products and treatment safer for you to use. Treating inhibitors with the bypassing agents and immune tolerance therapy (ITT) are now readily available even for home care. These treatment options are effective and can give you a similar quality of life to a person who has severe hemophilia without inhibitors.</p><h2>References<br></h2><p>Hemophilia Federation of America. <em>Inhibitors</em>. Retrieved from <a href="https://www.hemophiliafed.org/understanding-bleeding-disorders/complications/inhibitors/">https://www.hemophiliafed.org/understanding-bleeding-disorders/complications/inhibitors/</a>.</p>https://assets.aboutkidshealth.ca/AKHAssets/hemophilia_understanding_inhibitors.jpgUnderstanding inhibitors Inhibitors are a type of immune complication that some people with hemophilia may develop. This interactive shows you how inhibitors work. Teens
How does chemotherapy work?How does chemotherapy work?How does chemotherapy work?HEnglishOncologyPre-teen (9-12 years);Teen (13-15 years);Late Teen (16-18 years)BodyNADrug treatmentPre-teen (9-12 years) Teen (13-15 years) Late Teen (16-18 years)NAhttps://assets.aboutkidshealth.ca/AKHAssets/Chemo-Interactive.png2019-09-03T04:00:00Z12.200000000000033.6000000000000328.000000000000Flat ContentHealth A-Z<p>Chemotherapy works by damaging cells as they are dividing. Find out how chemotherapy reaches the cancer cells, why there are so many different chemotherapy medications and what 'protocol' means in terms of treatment.</p><h2>​How does chemotherapy work?</h2><p>Cells reproduce by dividing so that one cell becomes two, and then two cells become four, and then eight, and so on. Normal cells only reproduce when our bodies need new cells, for example to allow us to grow or replace cells that die. </p><p></p><div class="asset-animation"> <iframe src="https://teens.aboutkidshealth.ca/Style%20Library/AKH/animations/TTCCancer_Chemotherapy_CanvasVersion/TTC_Cancer_Chemotherapy_Canvas_AMD_EN.html"></iframe>  </div><p>Some chemotherapy drugs work by damaging cells as they are dividing and reproducing. Cancer cells behave differently than normal cells and often divide more frequently. This means they are sensitive to the chemotherapy drugs that interfere with cell division or reproduction. Although chemotherapy can damage normal or healthy cells too, non-cancerous cells are usually able to repair themselves. </p><h2>Key points</h2><ul><li>Cells reproduce by dividing when our body needs to make new cells.</li><li>Some chemotherapy drugs work by damaging cells as they are dividing.</li><li>Chemotherapy medications travel through the blood to reach different parts of the body.</li><li>Different chemotherapy medications work in different ways. The type of chemotherapy given will depend on the type of cancer.</li></ul><h2>How does chemotherapy reach the cancer cells?</h2><p>Chemotherapy medications travel through blood and can usually reach most of the different parts of the body. The blood carries the medication to the site of the cancer and to any cancer cells that have spread to other parts of the body. </p><h2>Why are there so many different chemotherapy drugs?</h2><p>Each chemotherapy drug damages cancer cells in a different way. For example, one chemotherapy drug might damage different parts of the cells than another one does, or it might damage the cells at different points in the process of dividing. This is why different chemotherapy drugs are used to treat different types of cancer. It is also why treatment might involve more than one type of medication. </p><p>You might sometimes hear your health-care team talk about a chemotherapy "protocol". This is a chemotherapy treatment plan designed to treat your type of cancer. You will learn a lot more about your chemotherapy when you start your protocol. The <a href="/Article?contentid=3470&language=English">assent forms</a> contain information about how the medication works and any side effects you may expect. </p><h2>Useful resources</h2><p>AboutKidsHealth - <a href="https://www.aboutkidshealth.ca/Article?contentid=999&language=English" target="_blank">Chemotherapy at home: Safely handling and giving medications</a> </p><p>Canadian Cancer Society - <a href="http://www.cancer.ca/en/cancer-information/diagnosis-and-treatment/chemotherapy-and-other-drug-therapies/chemotherapy/?region=on" target="_blank">Chemotherapy</a></p><p>American Cancer Society - <a href="https://www.cancer.org/treatment/treatments-and-side-effects/treatment-types/chemotherapy.html" target="_blank">Chemo – What it is, How it helps </a></p><p>Cancer Research UK - <a href="https://www.cancerresearchuk.org/about-cancer/cancer-in-general/treatment/chemotherapy/how-chemotherapy-works" target="_blank">How chemotherapy works</a></p><p>Macmillan Cancer Support (from the United Kingdom) - <a href="https://www.macmillan.org.uk/information-and-support/treating/chemotherapy/chemotherapy-explained" target="_blank">Chemotherapy explained​</a></p> Learn how chemotherapy works with this click-through animation that shows how chemotherapy affects cells in the body. Teens
Sleep and your mental health: OverviewSleep and your mental health: OverviewSleep and your mental health: OverviewSEnglishAdolescent;PsychiatryTeen (13-18 years)NANAHealthy living and preventionTeen (13-18 years)NA2019-01-04T05:00:00Z7.8000000000000070.9000000000000499.000000000000Flat ContentHealth A-Z<p>Sleep is a very important part of your mental and physical health. Find out how a good night's sleep impacts your daily routine.</p><h2>Why is sleep important?</h2><p>Sleep is a very important part of your mental and physical health. When you consistently get a good night’s sleep, you can think more clearly, have more energy, are more patient and are better able to get along with others. According to the National Sleep Foundation in the US, teens should get eight to 10 hours sleep a night.</p><h2>What are the signs and symptoms of lack of sleep?</h2><p>Over time, not getting enough quality sleep each night can lead to a range of symptoms.</p><h3>Physical symptoms</h3><p>You might find it difficult to wake up in the morning or need someone to wake you repeatedly. During the day, you might feel drowsy, want to nap or even fall asleep at school or at home when doing homework. You might also want to consume stimulants, such as caffeine or sugary food and drinks, regularly.</p><h3>Cognitive (mental) symptoms</h3><p>Ongoing lack of sleep can make you lose interest and motivation for everyday tasks. It can also make you forgetful and make it harder for you learn and remember new information and to problem-solve.</p><h3>Emotional symptoms</h3><p>When you don’t get enough sleep, you’ll likely be moody and irritable during the day. You might also feel impulsive or more stressed, as your mind isn’t rested enough to cope with the demands of everyday life.</p><p>When you do not get enough sleep each night, you owe your mind and body a “sleep debt”. A large sleep debt (not getting enough sleep for many nights in a row) can make you feel mentally exhausted. It can also worsen the symptoms of any anxiety, depression or bipolar disorder and any chronic (long-term) pain. You cannot repay a sleep debt by simply sleeping in late one day a week.<br></p><h2>Thinking differently about sleep</h2><p>Your circadian rhythm (your “body clock”) is a 24-hour cycle that tells your body when to sleep. During your teen years, it is normal for your body clock to make you fall asleep later at night and wake up later in the day.</p><p>Because of this, you might be in the habit of going to bed late, especially if you spend time with friends then (in person or online). <a href="https://teens.aboutkidshealth.ca/Article?contentid=3633&language=English">Choosing sleep over social time</a> might make you feel like you’re missing out, but your brain and body will thank you for it.</p><p>If you hear your friends talking about their "all nighters", remember how good you feel after you get enough sleep. Staying up late to study will usually leave you too tired to concentrate the next day. Sleep allows your brain to process and reinforce what you have learned, something that is especially important after studying for a test.</p><p>Remember too that you can’t repay a sleep debt with anything other than sleep. If you’re sleep-deprived, the best thing you can do is get some good quality sleep as soon as you can. Don’t resort to supplements or energy drinks to get you through energy dips. No pills, vitamins or drinks can replace good sleep!</p><h2>Guided meditations</h2><p>The following guided meditations will help you relax. Try listening to them before you go to sleep.</p><div class="call-out"><div class="asset-video vid-small"> <iframe src="https://www.youtube.com/embed/EL_fvAepwv8?rel=0" frameborder="0"></iframe><span class="vid-title">Equal </span><span class="vid-title">breathing</span><span class="vid-type">audio</span><span class="vid-type"></span> </div><p> <strong>How to use: </strong>This audio meditation helps you balance your in-breath and your out-breath. Use this meditation when you’d like to refocus or bring yourself back to the present moment. Follow along with the meditation to match your in-breath to your out-breath and slowly increase the length of each. If you feel out of breath or dizzy during this meditation, pause and breathe comfortably until you feel better.</p></div><div class="call-out"><div class="asset-video vid-small"> <iframe src="https://www.youtube.com/embed/Jqu3SOEKtvE?rel=0" frameborder="0"></iframe><span class="vid-title">Progressive muscle relaxation with </span><span class="vid-title">tension</span><span class="vid-type">audio</span><span class="vid-type"></span> </div><p> <strong>How to use: </strong>Stress and pain can cause tension in different parts of your body. This audio meditation will guide you through tensing and relaxing different parts of your body. You can listen to this meditation before going to sleep to help your muscles relax. </p></div><div class="call-out"><div class="asset-video vid-small"> <iframe src="https://www.youtube.com/embed/4ilNITE3-fE?rel=0" frameborder="0"></iframe><span class="vid-title">Relaxation with </span><span class="vid-title">imagery</span><span class="vid-type">audio</span><span class="vid-type"></span> </div><p> <strong>How to use: </strong>This audio meditation can help you if you are experiencing muscle soreness, tension or stress. Use this when you need to relax or find a moment of calm throughout your day. You can practice relaxation with imagery throughout your day.</p></div><h3>Kids Help Phone – <a href="https://kidshelpphone.ca/">kidshelpphone.ca</a></h3><p>Kids Help Phone is a 24/7 e-mental health service offering free, confidential support to young people.</p><p> <a href="https://kidshelpphone.ca/get-info/sleep-diary/">Sleep Diary</a></p><p> <a href="https://kidshelpphone.ca/get-info/all-night-get-better-sleep-these-tips/">Up all night? Get a better sleep with these tips.</a></p><h3>Centre for Addiction and Mental Health (CAMH) – <a href="http://www.camh.ca/">camh.ca</a></h3><p>CAMH is a mental health and addiction teaching and research hospital that provides a wide range of clinical care services for patients of all ages and families.</p><p> <a href="https://youtu.be/qMnQFTy3t30">Mood Matters: How Food, Movement & Sleep Can Have an Impact on You</a></p>https://assets.aboutkidshealth.ca/akhassets/iCanCopeSCD/how_much_sleep_are_you_getting_SCD_J4T.jpgSleep and your mental health Sleep is a very important part of your mental and physical health. Check out the guided meditations on this page to help you fall asleep. Teens